Last updated 29 March 2026: added link to Lyciasalamandra.
The newts and salamanders of Europe belong predominantly to the Family Salamandridae, with six representatives of the Plethodontidae (“Cave Salamanders”) and one of the curious Proteidae (better known as the Olm).
Most people are unlikely to see either the Cave Salamanders or the Olm as all of these species have a restricted range and live in environments that are difficult to access. On the other hand, most will have encountered the “ordinary” newts and salamanders, even in countries such as the UK and Eire that are not known for being rich in amphibian species.
Most newts and salamanders, particularly of the Family Salamandridae, will enter a body of water (pond, stream or river) in the spring to mate and lay eggs. Contrary to the popular idea of amphibians, most will also then leave the water after the breeding season and spend the rest of the year on dry land.
Most European amphibians, including newts and salamanders, are protected to a greater or lesser degree by law. In the UK they are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981, mostly against their removal for sale and trade. Note that this protection is also extended to their known habitats, such as ponds where the local presence of a species is recorded. If you are interested in keeping any of these species as a pet (“pet” as in the same way that fish are pets, to be observed and admired rather than handled) then captive-bred stock is often available from reputable breeders. Various herpetological societies may be able to assist you with enquiries. Beware of breaking the law, which not only damages you but also often is detrimental to the long-term prospects of the species you wish to deal with.
Click on the links below to go to a particular genus or group of genera.
Genus Salamandra – Fire Salamanders and relatives
Genus Triturus and relatives – European newts
Genus Pleurodeles – Sharp-Ribbed Newts
Genus Euproctus – Brook Salamanders
Remaining genera – Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, Salamandrina
Genus Speleomantes – European Cave Salamanders
Genus Proteus – the Olm
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