Genus Liolaemus – Snow Swifts and Tree Iguanas

Family LIOLAEMIDAE [LIOLAEMINAE]

Genus Liolaemus – Snow Swifts

A large genus (as of October 2022, 287 species, according to the Reptile Database) of lizards distributed in the Americas south of the equator. As per one author, these are in some ways the South American equivalent of the North American Sceloporus.

Boulenger gives the following characteristics of the genus: tympanum distinct. Body depressed; no dorsal crest. Dorsal scales more or less imbricate, keeled. Upper head-scales small or rather large. No fold across the throat; no gular appendage. Digits subcylindrical, with keeled lamellae inferiorly. No femoral pores. Male with anal pores. Tail conical or slightly depressed. Lateral teeth tricuspid; pterygoid teeth. Sternal fontanelle present or absent *. No abdominal ribs.

These lizards have sometimes been seen in the pet trade, though I am not sure if I have ever seen them in the UK. Husbandry details, or at least suggestions, can be found in Hunziker: so far I have not been able to find many other sources. Bosch and Werning have details on the genus as a whole and individual entries for L. bisignatus, L. lemniscatus, L. tenuis and L. zapallarensis (in the book, described as L. kuhlmanni). Hunziker gives suggestions for L. leopardinus, L. nigromaculatus and L. tenuis. Rogner carries husbandry information for L. tenuis. Part of the challenge in dealing with Liolaemus species seems to be that while their South American origin may evoke mental pictures of rainforests, many of the species listed here live in quite different habitats and at high altitudes where temperatures may be quite low or fluctuate considerably between day and night. This reinforces the normal requirement for a keeper to understand the geographical origin and habitat of an animal.

Owing to the sheer size of the genus, this page may take some time to complete. The Reptile Database has details of all the currently known species, and Wikipedia is also useful for many of them.

	QUICK INDEX
L. abaucan	L. abdalai	L. absconditus
L. acostai	L. albiceps	L. alticolor, Brilliant Tree Iguana
L. andinus, Andes Tree Iguana	L. annectens	L. anomalus
L. anqapuka	L. antonietae, Antonieta's Lizard	L. antumalguen
L. aparicioi	L. arambarensis	L. araucaniensis
L. archeforus, Main Tree Iguana	L. atacamensis	L. audituvelatus
L. aureum, Golden Lizard	L. austromendocinus, Austromendocino Tree Iguana	L. avilai
L. azarai	L. baguali	L. balagueri
L. balerion	L. basadrei	L. belli
L. bibronii, Bibron's Tree Iguana	L. bitaeniatus, Striped Tree Iguana	L. boulengeri, Boulenger's Tree Iguana
L. brizuelai	L. buergeri, Buerger's Tree Iguana	L. burmeisteri
L. calchaqui	L. calliston	L. canqueli
L. caparensis	L. capillitas, Hulse's Tree Iguana	L. carlosgarini, Garin's Lizard
L. casamiquelai	L. cazianiae	L. chacabucoense
L. chacoensis, Chaco Tree Iguana	L. chaltin	L. chavin
L. chehuachekenk	L. chiliensis	L. chillanensis, Peak Tree Iguana
L. chiribaya	L. chlorostictus	L. chungara
L. cinereus	L. coeruleus, Blue Tree Iguana	L. confusus
L. constanzae, Constanz's Tree Iguana	L. crandalli	L. cranwelli, Cranwell's Tree Iguana
L. crepuscularis	L. cristiani	L. curicensis, Curicen Tree Iguana
L. curis	L. cuyanus	L. cuyumhue
L. cyaneinotatus	L. cyanogaster, Cyan Tree Iguana	L. darwinii, Darwin's Tree Iguana
L. diaguita	L. dicktraceyi	L. disjunctus
L. ditadai	L. donosobarrosi, Donoso-Barros' Tree Iguana	L. dorbignyi, Dorbigny's Tree Iguana
L. duellmani, Duellman's Tree Iguana	L. dumerili	L. eleodori, Eleodor's Tree Iguana
L. elongatus, Elongate Tree Iguana	L. erguetae	L. erroneus
L. escarchadosi	L. espinozai	L. etheridgei
L.evaristoi	L. exploratum	L. fabiani, Fabian's Tree Iguana
L. famatinae	L. fittkaui	L. fitzgeraldi, Fitzgerald's Tree Iguana
L. fitzingeri, Fitzinger's Tree Iguana	L. flavipiceus	L. forsteri, Forster's Tree Iguana
L. foxi, Fox's Lizard	L. frassinettii	L. fuscus, Brown Tree Iguana
L. galactostictos	L. gallardoi	L. gardeli
L. goetschi	L. gracielae	L. gracilis, Graceful Tree Iguana
L. gravenhorstii, Gravenhorst's Tree Iguana	L. griseus, Grey Tree Iguana	L. grosseorum
L. gununakuna	L. hajeki, Hajek's Lizard	L. halonastes
L. hatcheri	L. hauthali	L. heliodermis
L. hellmichi, Hellmich's Tree Iguana	L. hermannunezi	L. huacahuasicus
L. huayra	L. hugoi	L. igneus, Puna Reddish Lizard
L. inacayali	L. incaicus	L. insolitus
L. inti	L. irregularis	L. isabelae
L. islugensis, Panther Tree Iguana	L. jamesi, James' Tree Lizard	L. janequeoae, Janequeo's Tree Lizard
L. josei	L. juanortizi	L. kingii, King's Tree Iguana
L. kolengh	L. koslowskyi	L. kriegi, Krieg's Tree Iguana
L. kunza	L. laurenti	L. lavillai
L. leftrarui, Leftraru's Tree Iguana	L. lemniscatus, Wreath Tree Iguana	L. lentus
L. lenzi, Lenz's Tree Iguana	L. leopardinus, Leopard Tree Iguana	L. lineomaculatus, Decorated Tree Iguana
L. loboi	L. lonquimayensis	L. lopezi
L. lorenzmuelleri, Lorenz's Tree Iguana	L. lutzae, Lutz's Tree Iguana	L. magellicanus
L. maldonadae	L. mapuche	L. martorii
L. melaniceps	L. melanogaster	L. melanopleurus
L. melanops	L. meraxes	L. messii
L. millcayac	L. molinai	L. montanezi
L. montanus, Mountain Tree Iguana	L. monticola, Peak Tree Iguana	L. moradoensis
L. morandae	L. morenoi	L. multicolor, Many-Coloured Tree Iguana
L. multiformis	L. multimaculatus, Many-Spotted Tree Iguana	L. nazca
L. neuquensis	L. nigriceps, Black Tree Iguana	L. nigromaculatus, Many-Spotted Tree Iguana
L. nigroviridis, Black-Green Tree Iguana	L. nitidus, Shining Tree Iguana	L. normae, Norma's Tree Iguana
L. occipitalis, Skull Tree Iguana	L. olongasta	L. omorfi, Beautiful Lizard
L. orko	L. ornatus, Ornate Tree Iguana	L. ortizii, Ortiz's Tree Iguana
L. pacha	L. pachacutec	L. pachecoi
L. pagaburoi	L. pantherinus, Panther Tree Iguana	L. parthenos
L. parvus	L. patriciaiturrae	L. paulinus, Paulina's Tree Iguana
L. petrophilus	L. pictus, Painted Tree Iguana	L. pikunche
L. pipanaco	L. platei, Braided Tree Iguana	L. pleopholis
L. poconchilensis	L. poecilochromus	L. polystictus
L. porosus	L. pseudoanomalus	L. pseudolemniscatus
L. puelche	L. pulcherrimus	L. puna
L. punmahuida	L. puritamensis	L. purul
L. pyriphlogos	L. qalaywa	L. quilmes
L. quinterosi	L. rabinoi, Rabino's Tree Iguana	L. ramirezae
L. reichi, Stolzmann's Pacific Iguana	L. riojanus	L. robertmertensi, Robert's Tree Iguana
L. robertoi, Roberto's Lizard	L. robustus	L. rosenmanni
L. rothi, Roth's Sand Iguana	L. ruibali, Ruibal's Tree Iguana	L. sagei
L. salinicola	L. salitrosus	L. sanjuanensis, San Juan Tree Iguana
L. sarmientoi	L. saxatilis	L. scapularis, Shoulder Tree Iguana
L. schmidti, Schmidt's Tree Iguana	L. schroederi, Schroeder's Tree Iguana	L. scolaroi
L. scorialis, Slag Lizard	L. scrocchii	L. senguer
L. septentrionalis	L. shehuen	L. shitan
L. signifer, Zodiac Tree Iguana	L. silvai	L. silvanae
L. sitesi	L. smaug	L. somuncurae
L. stolzmanni, Stolzmann's Pacific Iguana	L. tacnae	L. tacora, Tacora Lizard
L. tajzara	L. talampaya	L. tandiliensis
L. tari	L. tehuelche	L. telsen
L. tenuis, Thin Tree Iguana	L. teranis	L. thermarum, Las Damas River Lizard
L. thomasi	L. tirantii	L. tolhuaca, Tolhuaca Lizard
L. torresi, Torres-Mura Dragon	L. tregenzai	L. tristis
L. tromen	L. tulkas	L. ubaghsi, Ubaghs' Leopard Lizard
L. umbrifer	L. uniformis	L. uptoni
L. uspallatensis, Macola's Tree Iguana	L. valdesianus	L. vallecurensis
L. variegatus, Variegated Tree Iguana	L. velosoi	L. vhagar
L. victormoralesii	L. villaricensis, Villarica Tree Iguana	L. vulcanus
L. walkeri, Walker's Tree Iguana	L. wari	L. warjantay
L. wiegmannii	L. williamsi	L. xanthoviridis
L. yalguaraz	L. yanalcu	L. yarabamba
L. yatel	L. yauri	L. zabalai
L. zapallarensis, Zapallaren Tree Iguana	L. zullyae

Scientific Name	Common Name	Distribution	Size	Notes
Liolaemus
L. abaucan		Argentina
L. abdalai		Argentina
L. absconditus		Argentina
L. acostai		Argentina
L. albiceps		Argentina
L. alticolor	Brilliant Tree Iguana	Bolivia, Chile, Peru
L. andinus	Andes Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. annectens		Peru, Argentina
L. anomalus		Argentina
L. anqapuka		Peru
L. antonietae	Antonieta's Lizard	Chile
L. antumalguen		Argentina
L. aparicioi		Bolivia
L. arambarensis		Brazil
L. araucaniensis		Chile, Argentina
L. archeforus	Main Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. atacamensis		Chile
L. audituvelatus		Chile
L. aureum	Golden Lizard	Chile
L. austromendocinus	Austromendocino Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. avilai		Argentina
L. azarai		Argentina
L. baguali		Argentina
L. balagueri		Peru
L. balerion		Argentina
L. basadrei		Peru
L. belli		Chile
L. bibronii	Bibron's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL 17.5 cm, SVL 7 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather small, smooth; a small azygous frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of frontoparietals; interparietal as large as, or a little smaller than, the parietals; a series of three enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales indistinctly keeled; ear-opening with a very indistinct denticulation in front. Sides of neck covered with very small scales, with an irregular longitudinal fold; a curved antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales moderate, rhomboidal, strongly keeled, ending in a sharp point; ventral scales nearly as large, but rounded and smooth; 50-58 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil in the female, in front of the shoulder in the male; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. Male with 2-3 anal pores. Tail: about once and a half as long as head and body; caudal scales as large as dorsals. Coloration: greyish olive above, spotted with dark brown, and with or without a black vertebral line, or dark olive with small pale greenish spots or dots; lower surfaces greyish, mottled with blackish, or blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. bitaeniatus	Striped Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. boulengeri	Boulenger's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. brizuelai		Argentina
L. buergeri	Buerger's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. burmeisteri		Argentina
L. calchaqui		Argentina
L. calliston		Argentina
L. canqueli		Argentina
L. caparensis		Argentina
L. capillitas	Hulse's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. carlosgarini	Garin's Lizard	Chile
L. casamiquelai		Argentina
L. cazianiae		Argentina
L. chacabucoense		Chile, Argentina
L. chacoensis	Chaco Tree Iguana	Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
L. chaltin		Bolivia, Argentina
L. chavin		Peru
L. chehuachekenk		Argentina
L. chiliensis		Chile, Argentina	TL approx 27 cm, SVL 9.5 cm	Description: closely allied to L. nitidus. Nostril quite lateral. Upper head-scales somewhat smaller, usually feebly striated; frontal frequently divided longitudinally; if undivided, hardly larger than the frontoparietals; interparietal and parietals subequal in size, or latter a little larger; temporal scales very feebly keeled; projecting scales in front of the ear-opening very small, scarcely distinct. The scales usually form 30-32 series round the middle of the body (24 and 26 in species f-g). Coloration: yellowish or greenish above, with metallic gloss and irregular dark brown marblings; a more or less distinct light band on each side, from the eye to the base of the tail; tail usually with three dark brown longitudinal lines, the median most defined; lower surfaces yellowish or greenish, with strong metallic gloss, constantly immaculate. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. chillanensis	Peak Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. chiribaya		Peru
L. chlorostictus		Bolivia, Argentina
L. chungara		Peru, Chile
L. cinereus		Argentina
L. coeruleus	Blue Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. confusus		Chile
L. constanzae	Constanze's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. crandalli		Argentina
L. cranwelli	Cranwell's Tree Iguana	Bolivia		Known only from the type specimen: see Reptile Database entry for details.
L. crepuscularis		Argentina
L. cristiani		Chile
L. curicensis	Curicen Tree Iguana	Chile
L. curis	Nuñez' Tree Iguana	Chile
L. cuyanus		Argentina
L. cuyumhue		Argentina
L. cyaneinotatus		Argentina
L. cyanogaster	Cyan Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 14 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather small, striated; interorbital scales in 1-2 rows; interparietal small; parietals usually indistinct, if distinct larger than interparietal; a series of 4-5 enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbitals; temporal scales feebly keeled; 1-2 small scales project very slightly on the anterior border of the ear. Sides of neck covered with very small scales, with a strong longitudinal fold bifurcating towards the ear; a curved antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales large, rhomboidal, strongly keeled, ending in a sharp point or macro; ventral scales a little smaller, rounded, smooth; 40 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil in the female, the ear or slightly beyond in the male; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. Male with 2 anal pores. Tail: once and a half to twice as long as head and body; caudal scales nearly as large as dorsals. Coloration: olive or coppery brown above, with a few small blackish spots, and a light laterodorsal band; lower surfaces with strong metallic gloss, the throat and breast greenish or blue-green. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. darwinii	Darwin's Tree Iguana	Argentina	TL 12.5 cm, SVL 5 cm	Description: nostril latero-superior. Upper bead-scales small, convex, smooth; interparietal smaller than parietals; a series of 5-7 transverse supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales smooth; anterior border of ear not distinctly denticulated. Sides of neck granular, strongly folded; a curved antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales moderate, rhomboidal, obtusely pointed, strongly keeled, the keels forming continuous longitudinal lines; lateral scales smaller than dorsals; ventrals nearly as large as dorsals, obtusely pointed, smooth; 52-60 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil in the female, between the shoulder and the ear in the male; hinder side of thighs with a patch of rhomboidal keeled scales. Male with 7 anal pores. Tail: nearly once and a half as long as head and body; caudal scales as large as dorsals. Coloration: pale greyish brown above, with a series of transverse blackish spots on each side of the vertebral line, each of which is followed by a more or less distinct whitish spot or border; a more or less distinct light streak on each side of the back, and, in the female, another, edged with black, extending from axil to groin; a black spot above the shoulder and another in front of the arm; a white, black-edged streak on the hinder side of the thighs. Lower surfaces white, uniform or spotted with blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. diaguita		Argentina
L. dicktraceyi		Argentina
L. disjunctus		Peru
L. ditadai		Argentina
L. donosobarrosi	Donoso-Barros' Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. dorbignyi	Dorbigny's Tree Iguana	Bolivia, Argentina
L. duellmani	Duellman's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. dumerili		Argentina
L. eleodori	Eleodor's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. elongatus	Elongate Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. erguetae		Bolivia, Chile
L. erroneus		Chile		See Reptile Database entry for discussion.
L. escarchadosi		Chile, Argentina
L. espinozai		Argentina
L. etheridgei		Peru
L. evaristoi		Peru
L. exploratum		Argentina
L. fabiani	Fabian's Lizard	Chile
L. famatinae		Argentina
L. fittkaui		Bolivia
L. fitzgeraldi	Fitzgerald's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina
L. fitzingeri	Fitzinger's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 14.5 cm, SVL approx 8.5 cm	Description: very closely allied to L. kingi, from which it differs in a few points only : dorsal scales less strongly keeled and very obtusely pointed (76 scales round the middle of the body). A patch of enlarged rhomboidal scales on the hinder side of the thigh. Coloration: dark olive above, with blackish and whitish spots ; lower surface of neck, breast, and middle of belly black. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. flavipiceus		Chile, Argentina
L. forsteri	Forster's Tree Iguana	Bolivia
L. foxi	Fox's Lizard	Chile
L. frassinettii		Chile
L. fuscus	Brown Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 13.5 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	Description: upper head-scales perfectly smooth; interparietal a little larger than parietals, in contact with the frontals; frontoparietals very small and widely separated; the scale on the upper anterior border of the ear only a little larger than the preceding temporals. 50 scales round the middle of the body. Otherwise as in L. lemniscatus. Coloration: brown above, with two light lateral bands on each side, the interspace between them with closely-set blackish-brown spots; a black vertebral line and small black spots on the sides of the back; lower surfaces brownish, chin and sides of throat mottled with darker. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. galactostictos		Argentina
L. gallardoi		Argentina
L. gardeli		Uruguay
L. goetschi		Argentina
L. gracielae		Argentina
L. gracilis	Graceful Tree Iguana	Argentina	TL 16 cm, SVL 5.5 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather large, smooth; an azygous frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of frontoparietals ; interparietal smalle than parietals; a series of 3-4 enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales feebly keeled; 2-3 small projecting scales on the anterior border of the ear. Sides of neck with a very indistinct longitudinal fold, the scales imbricate, keeled, pointed, smaller than those on the upper surface. Dorsal scales large, rhomboidal, strongly keeled, pointed, the keels forming continuous longitudinal lines; ventral scales smaller, rounded, smooth; 40 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches halfway between the shoulder and the ear; hinder side of thighs uniformly granular. 4 anal pores. Tail about twice as long as head and body; caudal scales nearly as large as dorsals. Coloration: pale greyish olive above, uniform, or with small blackish dots on the sides; two light yellowish streaks on each side, the upper extending from the supraciliary edge to the base of the tail, the lower from the eye to the hind limb, passing on the upper border of the ear; a light line along the hind side of the thighs; lower surfaces whitish, throat mottled with brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. gravenhorstii	Gravenhorst's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 17.5 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: nostril quite lateral. Upper head-scales moderate, three pairs between the orbits ; interparietal smaller than parietals; a series of 3-4 enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales keeled ; 1-2 small projecting scales on the anterior border of the ear. Sides of neck not plicate, covered with large scales similar to those on the dorsal surface. Nuchal and dorsal scales large, rhomboidal, very strongly keeled, the keel ending in a short spine; ventral scales smaller than dorsals, rounded, smooth; 40 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil in the female, between the shoulder and the ear in the male; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. 2 anal pores in the male. Tail: more than twice as long as head and body; caudal scales a little smaller than dorsals. Coloration: coppery brown above, with four light golden bands, the upper extending from above the temple to the base of the tail, the lower from the ear to the groin ; in the female a few paired blackish spots between the light dorsal bands; lower surfaces pale golden. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. griseus	Grey Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. grosseorum		Argentina
L. gununakuna		Argentina
L. hajeki	Hajek's Lizard	Chile
L. halonastes		Argentina
L. hatcheri		Argentina
L. hauthali		Argentina
L. heliodermis		Argentina
L. hellmichi	Hellmich's Tree Iguana	Chile
L. hermannunezi		Chile, Argentina
L. huacahuasicus		Argentina
L. huayra		Argentina
L. hugoi		Argentina
L. igneus	Puna Reddish Lizard	Chile
L. inacayali		Argentina
L. incaicus		Peru
L. insolitus		Peru
L. inti		Argentina
L. irregularis		Argentina
L. isabelae		Chile
L. islugensis	Panther Tree Iguana	Bolivia, Chile
L. jamesi	James' Tree Iguana	Bolivia, S Peru, Chile
L. j. jamesi		Bolivia, Chile
L. j. aymararum		S Peru
L. janequeoae	Janequeo's Lizard	Chile
L. josei		Argentina
L. juanortizi		Chile
L. kingii	King's Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL 15.5 cm, SVL 8 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales moderate, smooth or rugulose; 1-2 small azygous frontals, separated from the interparietal by a pair of fronto-parietals; interparietal as large as or a little smaller than parietals; a series of four or five enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbitals; temporal scales smooth; 1-2 very small lobules in front of the ear. Sides of neck with a longitudinal fold bifurcating towards the ear; a small curved antehumeral fold; scales small, granular. Dorsal scales small, rhomboidal, pointed, keeled; lateral scales as large or a little smaller; ventral scales nearly as large as dorsals, smooth, rounded; 66-76 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder in the male, the axil in the female; hinder side of thighs uniformly granular. Male with 6-8 anal pores. Tail: about as long as head and body; caudal scales as large as dorsals. Coloration: brown above, with dark and light transverse spots sometimes forming cross bands on the back; these may be interrupted by a light vertebral line. Lower surfaces whitish, mottled or marbled with blackish, sometimes entirely bluish-black. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. kolengh		Chile, Argentina
L. koslowskyi		Argentina
L. kriegi	Krieg's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. kunza		Argentina
L. laurenti		Argentina
L. lavillai		Argentina
L. leftrarui	Leftraru's Lizard	Chile
L. lemniscatus	Wreath Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 13.5 cm, SVL approx 4.5 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather large, usually more or less distinctly striated; an azygous frontal, seldom divided longitudinally, separated from the interparietal by a pair of fronto-parietals; interparietal smaller than parietals; a series of 3-4 enlarged supraoculars ; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales keeled; 1-2 projecting scales on the anterior border of the ear, and a long narrow band-like scale on the supero-anterior border. Sides of neck with a feeble longitudinal fold, the scales imbricate, keeled, pointed, smaller than those on the upper surface. Dorsal scales large, rhomboidal, very strongly keeled, ending in a sharp point; ventral scales smaller, rounded, smooth; 42 or 44 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches hardly the axil in the female, the shoulder or a little beyond in the male; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. 2-4 anal pores in the male. Tail: about twice as long as head and body; caudal scales (except the basal ones) smaller than dorsals. Coloration: brownish above, with golden or coppery gloss; two light yellowish streaks on each side from the eye to the hind limb, the lower passing on the upper border of the tympanum; a series of transverse or angular blackish-brown spots on each side of the back, separated by the lighter vertebral zone, which is immaculate; seldom a black vertebral line; usually a series of black spots between the light lateral bands; a whitish streak or a series of whitish spots on the back of the thighs; lower surfaces yellowish white, immaculate or spotted with brown on the throat and breast. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. lentus		Argentina
L. lenzi	Lenz's Tree Iguana	Peru, Bolivia, Chile
L. leopardinus	Leopard Tree Iguana	Chile
L. lineomaculatus	Decorated Tree Iguana	Argentina	TL approx 12 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: very closely related to L. magellicanus, which it resembles in proportions, size, and coloration, but to be distinguished by the following characters: temporal scales not distinctly keeled. Scales on the sides of the neck minute, granular. Scales of the body smaller, 54-60 round the middle; lateral scales smaller than dorsals and ventrals; dorsal scales shorter, simply pointed. The adpressed hind limb reaches nearly the axil in the female, the shoulder in the male. Coloration: pale olive or greyish above, with pale longitudinal streaks and blackish squarish spots arranged as in the preceding species; lower parts more or less abundantly spotted or marbled with blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. loboi		Argentina
L. lonquimayensis		Chile
L. lopezi		Chile
L. lorenzmuelleri	Lorenz's Tree Iguana	Chile
L. lutzae	Lutz's Tree Iguana	Brazil
L. magellicanus		Chile, Argentina	TL approx 13 cm, SVL approx 6 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales moderate, convex, smooth; a small azygos frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of fronto-parietals; interparietal as large as or a little smaller than the parietals; a series of 3-4 enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbitals; temporal scales keeled; ear-opening small, with 1-2 small projecting scales in front. Sides of neck irregularly folded; a small curved antehumeral fold; the scales pointed, imbricate, smaller than those on the upper surface; 2-3 larger pointed scales project in front of the arm. Dorsal scales moderate, elongate rhomboidal, very strongly keeled, ending in a short spine; scales on the flanks as large as the dorsals; ventrals nearly as large, but rounded and smooth ; forty to forty-four scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb seldom reaches the axil; digits very short; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. Male with 3-5 anal pores. Tail: not or but slightly longer than head and body; caudal scales nearly as large as dorsals. Coloration: brownish or olive above, with four or five light yellowish or greenish streaks, that extending on each side of the back, from the eye to the base of the tail, widest and best defined; between the light bands, series of large squarish black spots; a black longitudinal streak on the upper surface of the snout, and another, curved one, bordering on each side the interorbital region, which is usually yellowish; lower surfaces greyish white, with metallic gloss, mottled with bluish black, sometimes nearly entirely black. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. maldonadae		Chile
L. mapuche		Argentina
L. martorii		Argentina
L. melaniceps		Chile
L. melanogaster		Peru
L. melanopleurus		Chile		Found in the Atacama Desert.
L. melanops		Argentina
L. meraxes		Argentina
L. messii		Argentina
L. millcayac		Argentina
L. molinai		Chile
L. montanezi		Argentina
L. montanus	Mountain Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. monticola	Peak Tree Iguana	Chile
L. moradoensis		Chile
L. morandae		Argentina
L. morenoi		Argentina
L. multicolor	Many-Coloured Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. multiformis		Peru, Bolivia
L. multimaculatus	Many-Spotted Tree Iguana	Argentina	TL approx 13.5 cm, SVL approx 7 cm	Description: nostril superior. Upper head-scales very small, convex, smooth; no frontal; interparietal much smaller than the tympanum; a series of 6-7 transversely enlarged supraoculars; 2-3 series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales smooth ; anterior border of ear not denticulated. Sides of neck granular, strongly plicate. Dorsal scales very small, subhexagonal, scarcely imbricate, feebly keeled; lateral scales a little smaller, separated from one another by minute granules; ventrals much larger than dorsals, squarish, smooth; 72 or 74 scales round the middle of the body, of which 26 or 28 are ventrals. The adpressed hind limb reached a little beyond the shoulder; hinder side of thighs with a patch of enlarged rhomboidal scales; the digits, which are very slender, and provided with very long falciform claws, are very feebly keeled inferiorly, and the fourth toe is fringed laterally. 8-10 anal pores. Tail: depressed, as long as or slightly longer than head and body; caudal scales much larger than dorsals. Coloration: grey above, with numerous small black spots, some of which are bordered with white; lower surfaces white, uniform or spotted with blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. nazca		Peru
L. neuquensis		Argentina
L. nigriceps	Black Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 14.5 cm, SVL approx 7.5 cm	Description: head short, covered with small smooth scales, the supraoculars being the smallest of all ; ear-opening rather small, without denticulation. Dorsal scales hexagonal, juxtaposed, smooth, forming oblique lines. The adpressed hind limb does not quite reach the axil. Tail: nearly as long as head and body, conical, with rings of small squarish smooth scales. Coloration: pale grey above, sides orange with vertical black bars; head and neck deep black; lower surfaces white, black-spotted. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. nigromaculatus	Many-Spotted Tree Iguana	Chile	TL approx 22.5 cm, SVL approx 9.5 cm	Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather large, smooth; a small azygous frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of frontoparietals; interparietal smaller than, or nearly as large as, parietals; a series of 3-4 broad supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales smooth or very feebly keeled; three or 3-4 large, pointed scales projecting in front of the ear, largest and nearly covering the latter in the full-grown male. Sides of neck covered with very small scales, which are lanceolate and somewhat raised on the longitudinal fold; an indistinct curved antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales moderate, rhomboidal, strongly keeled, pointed; ventral scales smaller, rounded or obtusely pointed, smooth; 48-54 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder or between the latter and the ear; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. Male with 2-4 anal pores. Tail: once and a fourth to once and a half as long as head and body; caudal scales (except the basal ones) smaller than dorsals. Coloration: females and young pale brownish above, with darker and lighter spots sometimes forming undulated cross hands on the body, limbs, and tail; male variegated pale olive and blackish; a black spot or vertical bar in front of the shoulder. Lower surfaces whitish in the female, greenish in the male; throat usually spotted or marbled with blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. nigroviridis	Black-Green Tree Iguana	Chile
L. nitidus	Shining Tree Iguana	Chile	TL approx 24.5 cm, SVL approx 9.5 cm	Description: In hahit similar to a Tropidosaura. Nostril sublateral. Upper head-scales rather large: an azygous frontal; interparietal smaller than parietals, separated from the frontals by a pair of frontoparietals; a series of 3-4 enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales keeled; 2-3 projecting scales on the anterior border of the ear, the uppermost large and band-like, as if formed of the fusion of two scales. Sides of neck not plicate, covered with large scales similar to those on the dorsal surface. Nuchal and dorsal scales large, rhomboidal, very strongly keeled, the keel ending in a spine; ventral scales a little smaller, rounded or obtusely pointed, smooth; 28 or 30 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil or the neck; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. 2 or 4 anal pores in the male. Tail: once and a half to twice as long as head and body; caudal scales smaller than dorsals. Coloration: female and young coppery brown above, with waved dark-brown, yellowish-edged cross bands on the back; adult male dark olive-brown above, the head dotted with yellowish, and the dorsal scales edged with yellowish, the two colours forming irregular variegations; lower surfaces whitish in the female, the throat marbled or obliquely striated with blackish; in the males they are greenish white, olive, or blackish, with irregular darker spots or lines ; the throat, if not entirely black, marbled or striated with black. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. normae	Norma's Leopard Lizard	Chile
L. occipitalis	Skull Tree Iguana	Brazil, Uruguay	TL approx 11 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	Description: nostril superior. Upper head-scales very small, convex, smooth; no frontal; interparietal larger than the surrounding scales, as large as or larger than the tympanum; a series of 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars; two series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales smooth; anterior border of ear not denticulated. Sides of neck strongly plicate, covered witli minute granular scales. Dorsal scales small, subhexagonal, feebly imbricate, keeled; lateral scales smaller, roundish, juxtaposed, smooth; ventrals larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, smooth ; 66-72 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the tympanum, or not quite so far; hinder side of thighs uniformly granular, or with a patch of enlarged granules. Eight anal pores in the male. Tail: a little depressed, slightly longer than head and body; caudal scales larger than dorsals. Coloration: pale greyish above; a series of darker spots on each side of the vertebral line; two darker bands on each side from axilla to groin, separated by a white streak; lower surfaces uniform white, or with small greyish spots on the throat. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. olongasta		Argentina
L. omorfi	Beautiful Lizard	Chile
L. orko		Argentina
L. ornatus	Ornate Tree Iguana	Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
L. ortizii	Ortiz's Tree Iguana	Peru
L. pacha		Argentina
L. pachacutec		Peru
L. pachecoi		Bolivia, Chile
L. pagaburoi		Argentina
L. pantherinus	Panther Tree Iguana	Peru, Bolivia, Chile
L. parthenos		Argentina
L. parvus		Argentina
L. patriciaiturrae		Chile
L. paulinus	Paulina's Tree Iguana	Chile
L. petrophilus		Argentina
L. pictus	Painted Tree Iguana	S Chile, Argentina	TL approx 18.5 cm, SVL approx 6.5 cm	See Reptile Database entry for discussion of the status of the subspecies. Description: nostril lateral. Upper head-scales rather small, smooth; a small azygous frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of frontoparietals; interparietal smaller than parietals; a series of more or less distinctly enlarged supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales smooth or obtusely keeled; ear-opening without, or with one or two very small projecting scales in front. Sides of neck granular, irregularly plicate; an antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales small, somewhat variable in size, rhomboidal, pointed, strongly keeled; lateral scales smaller, keeled; ventrals as large as dorsals, squarish, imbricate, smooth; 52-70 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear in the male, the shoulder or a little beyond in the female; hinder side of thighs uniformly granulate. Male with 2-4 anal pores. Tail: about once and two thirds as long as head and body; caudal scales a little larger than dorsals. Coloration: greenish or olive above, variously spotted or marbled with black, a laterodorsal band of the lighter ground colour remaining immaculate: the black spots maybe large and angular, and form three or four zigzag bands on the back; the upper parts sometimes dotted all over with pale green; lower surfaces whitish or greenish, chin and sides of throat reticulated or marbled with black. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. p. pictus
L. p. argentinus
L. p. chiloeensis
L. p. codoceae
L. p. major
L. p. talcanensis
L. pikunche		Chile
L. pipanaco		Argentina
L. platei	Braided Tree Iguana	Chile
L pleopholis		Peru, Chile
L. poconchilensis		Peru, Chile
L. poecilochromus		Argentina
L. polystictus		Peru
L. porosus		Chile, Argentina
L. pseudoanomalus		Argentina
L. pseudolemniscatus		Chile
L. puelche		Argentina
L. pulcherrimus		Argentina
L. puna		Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
L. punmahuida		Argentina
L. puritamensis		Chile, Argentina
L. purul		Argentina
L. pyriphlogos		Argentina
L. qalaywa		Peru
L. quilmes		Argentina
L. quinterosi		Argentina
L. rabinoi	Rabino's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. ramirezae		Argentina
L. reichi	Stolzmann's Pacific Iguana	Peru, Chile
L. riojanus		Argentina
L. robertmertensi	Robert's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. robertoi	Roberto's Lizard	Chile
L. robustus		Peru
L. rosenmanni		Chile
L. rothi	Roth's Sand Iguana	Argentina
L. ruibali	Ruibal's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. sagei		Argentina
L. salinicola		Argentina
L. salitrosus		Argentina
L. sanjuanensis	San Juan Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. sarmientoi		Chile, Argentina
L. saxatilis		Argentina
L. scapularis	Shoulder Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. schmidti	Schmidt's Tree Iguana	Bolivia, Chile
L. schroederi	Schroeder's Tree Iguana	Chile
L. scolaroi		Chile, Argentina
L. scorialis	Slag Lizard	Chile
L. scrocchii		Argentina
L. senguer		Argentina
L. septentrionalis	Painted Tree Iguana	Chile
L. shehuen		Argentina
L. shitan		Argentina
L. signifer	Zodiac Tree Iguana	Peru, Bolivia, Chile	TL approx 10.5 cm, SVL 4.5 cm	Description: nostril latero-superior. Upper head-scales small, smooth; no frontal; interparietal smaller than parietals; 6 transverse supraoculars; a single (or double) series of scales between the labials and the infraocular; temporal scales smooth; anterior border of ear with two slightly projecting small scales. Sides of neck granular, strongly folded. Dorsal scales very small, hexagonal, scarcely imbricate, feebly and tubercularly keeled ; lateral scales smaller still ; ventrals much larger than dorsals, rounded, smooth; 78 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches between the shoulder and the ear; hinder side of thighs uniformly granular. Male with 4 anal pores. Tail: a little longer than head and body; caudal scales much larger than dorsals. Coloration: grey above, with small black undulate transverse markings arranged in four longitudinal series; lower surfaces whitish, speckled with grey. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. silvai		Chile
L. silvanae		Argentina
L. sitesi		Argentina
L. smaug		Argentina
L. somuncurae		Argentina
L. stolzmanni	Stolzmann's Pacific Iguana	Chile
L. tacnae		Peru
L. tacora	Tacora Lizard	Chile
L. tajzara		Bolivia
L. talampaya		Argentina
L. tandiliensis		Argentina
L. tari		Argentina
L. tehuelche		Argentina
L. telsen		Argentina
L. tenuis	Thin Tree Iguana	Chile, Argentina	TL approx 18 cm, SVL approx 6 cm	Description: nostril sublateral. Upper head-scales rather small, smooth; a small azygous frontal, separated from the interparietal by a pair of frontoparietals; interparietal usually smaller than parietals; a series of 3-4 broad supraoculars; a single series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales feebly keeled; anterior border of ear not distinctly denticulated. Sides of neck granular, irregularly plicate; an antehumeral fold. Dorsal scales small, feebly imbricate, hexagonal, as broad as or a little broader than long, and shortly and feebly keeled; lateral scales smaller; ventrals as large as dorsals, squarish, smooth; 66-72 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear in the male, the shoulder in the female; hinder side of thighs uniformly granular. Male with 2-3 anal pores. Tail: once and two thirds to twice as long as head and body; caudal scales larger than dorsals. Coloration: olive or coppery brown above, with blackish spots sometimes forming angular cross bands on the back and tail, more or less profusely dotted with bluish-green or pale olive; lower surfaces pale golden, throat frequently bluish-green. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. t. tenuis
L. t. punctatissimus
L. teranis		Argentina
L. thermarum	Las Damas River Lizard	Argentina
L. thomasi		Peru
L. tirantii		Argentina
L. tolhuaca	Tolhuaca Lizard	Chile
L. torresi	Torres-Mura Dragon	Chile
L. tregenzai		Argentina
L. tristis		Argentina
L. tromen		Argentina
L. tulkas		Argentina
L. ubaghsi	Ubaghs' Leopard Lizard	Chile
L. umbrifer		Argentina
L. uniformis		Chile
L. uptoni		Argentina
L. uspallatensis	Macola's Tree Iguana	Argentina
L. valdesianus		Chile
L. vallecurensis		Argentina
L. variegatus	Variegated Tree Iguana	Bolivia
L. velosoi		Chile
L. vhagar		Argentina
L. victormoralesii		Peru
L. villaricensis	Villarica Tree Iguana	Chile
L. vulcanus		Argentina
L. walkeri	Walker's Tree Iguana	Peru
L. wari		Peru
L. warjantay		Peru
L. wiegmannii		Uruguay, Argentina, Ascension Island	TL 13.5 cm, SVL approx 6 cm	Description: nostril sublateral. Upper head-scales very small, striated or feebly keeled in the adult; no frontal; interparietal and parietals subequal; a series of 4-6 enlarged supraoculars; two series of scales between the labials and the infraorbital; temporal scales keeled; anterior border of ear not denticulated. Sides of neck granular, strongly plicate. Dorsal scales moderate, rhomboidal, strongly keeled, the keels forming continuous lines; lateral scales much smaller, imbricate, keeled; ventrals smaller than dorsals, roundish, smooth; 46-54 scales round the middle of the body. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axil in the female, a little beyond the shoulder in the male; hinder side of thighs with a patch of enlarged rhomboidal keeled scales. Anal pores present in both sexes, 5-8 in the male, 3-8 in the female. Tail: a little longer than head and body; caudal scales not larger than dorsals. Coloration: pale grey or greyish olive above, with two or- four series of transverse, white-edged dark spots, separated by longitudinal light lines; lower surfaces white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
L. williamsi		Peru
L. xanthoviridis		Argentina
L. yalguaraz		Argentina
L. yanalcu		Argentina
L. yarabamba		Peru
L. yatel		Argentina
L. yauri		Peru
L. zabalai		Chile
L. zapallarensis	Zapallaren Tree Iguana	Chile
L. z. zapallarensis
L. z. ater
L. z. sieversi
L. zullyae		Chile, Argentina

Bibliography

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Reptilia article on L. serratus

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