Added 17 July 2006. Last updated 1 April 2007: corrected Norwegian entry by removing T. helveticus and adding R. lessonae. Our thanks to Per Ole Syvertsen for this correction.

European Herps by Country

This page lists the reptiles and amphibians for each country in Europe. It is indebted in particular to two works, Englemann et al's Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas and the Nöllerts' Die Amphibien Europas. Since both books were published, some new findings have been made in Europe, but more significantly the map has changed as some countries have broken up and boundaries have changed.

Some very minor states such as Monaco and San Marino have been included, more for completeness than anything else. However Iceland and the Faroe Islands have been excluded since neither possess any naturally occurring reptile or amphibian species. Russia (the modern republic, not the old Soviet Union) is included here as much of its geography since the breakup of the old USSR is Palearctic, ie similar to that of Western and Eastern Europe, and many species (particular of lacertid lizards) are found in all three areas (the Common Lizard, Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard, ranges from Ireland in the West to Siberia in the East). We have denoted those species which are only found east of the Ural mountains. Turkey is likewise included for similar reasons, although most visitors are likely to see only those areas around the Bosphorus or the south coast.

Since they are so few, amphisbaenians (worm-lizards) are listed in the Lizards column with an indication (A) next to them, although strictly speaking they are not lizards. For the time being we are not listing marine turtles, since more properly they belong to the oceans and seas of the world rather than national entities, and there are very few areas within Europe where they come ashore to lay their eggs.

Abbreviations in the text are as follows: AEG = Aegean islands; AZM = Azores and Madeira; BAL = Balearic Islands; CAN = Canary Islands; CH = Channel Islands; COR = Corsica; CRE = Crete; E = East of Ural Mtns; SAR = Sardinia; SIC = Sicily.

^ after a species name means that the current presence of this species within the given country is doubtful or disputed.
[I] after a species name means that this species was introduced by human agency, or widely suspected of being so.

A * next to a country name means that the species listing for this country is incomplete or needs further checking. The absence of any species in a particular field should not be taken as meaning that none exist in that country, unless "None" is stated. Although we have tried to be as thorough as possible in compiling this page, inevitably some change or revision will occur, either through the renaming of species or changes in their ranges. Information on the wildlife of some nations is also less accessible than for others.

We will be linking the species names to their entries elsewhere in the European Reptiles and Amphibians pages. This is a fairly time-consuming procedure, so please bear with us.

QUICK INDEX OF COUNTRIES
Albania	Andorra	Austria	Belarus
Belgium	Bosnia	Bulgaria	Croatia
Cyprus	Czech	Denmark	Estonia
Finland	France	Germany	Greece
Hungary	Ireland	Italy	Latvia
Liechtenstein	Lithuania	Luxembourg	Macedonia
Malta	Moldova	Monaco	Montenegro
Netherlands	Norway	Poland	Portugal
Romania	Russia	San Marino	Serbia
Slovakia	Slovenia	Spain	Sweden
Switzerland	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom

Country	Newts and Salamanders	Frogs & Toads	Chelonians (Turtles & Tortoises)	Lizards	Snakes
Albania	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Rana balcanica, Greek Marsh Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana epeirotica, Epirus Water Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana sp. Rana shquiperica, Albanian Pool Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtodactylus kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Podarcis erhardii, Erhard's Wall Lizard Podarcis melisellensis, Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Hierophis gemonensis, Balkan Whip Snake Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Andorra	Euproctes asper Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta aurelioi, Aurelio's Rock Lizard? Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard? Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard?	Coronella girondica, Southern Smooth Snake? Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake? Vipera aspis, Asp Viper?
Austria	Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Belarus	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder?
Belgium	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana bedriagae, Levant Water Frog [I]? Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Bosnia	Proteus anguinus, Olm Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta oxycephala, Sharp-Snouted Rock Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Bulgaria	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtodactylus kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Darevskia praticola, Meadow Lizard Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Ophisaurus apodus, Scheltopusik Ophisops elegans, Snake-Eyed Lizard Podarcis erhardi Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coluber rubriceps, Reddish Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Croatia	Proteus anguinus, Olm Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana kl hispanica, Italian Hybrid Frog? Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana latastei, Lataste's Viper, Italian Agile Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta bilineata, Western Green Lizard Lacerta horvathi, Horvath's Rock Lizard Lacerta mosorensis, Mosor Rock Lizard Lacerta oxycephala, Sharp-Snouted Rock Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Ophisaurus apodus, Scheltopusik Podarcis melisellensis, Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Hierophis gemonensis, Balkan Whip Snake Hierophis viridiflavus Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Cyprus	None	Hyla savignyi, Turkish Tree Frog Rana bedriagae, Levant Water Frog [AEG]	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Ablepharus pannonicus, Asian Snake-Eyed Skink Acanthodactylus schreiberi Blanus strauchi, Anatolian Worm Lizard [A] Chalcides ocellatus, Ocellated Skink Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Cyrtodactylus kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Novoeumeces schneideri, Schneider's Skink Lacerta laevis Laudakia stellio, Starred Agama Mabuya vittata, Bridled Skink cypriaca Ophisops elegans, Snake-Eyed Lizard	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake ? Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Hemorrhois nummifer, Coin Snake Hierophis cypriensis Hierophis viridiflavus Macrovipera lebetina, Levantine Viper Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake
Czech	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus montandoni, Montandon's Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Denmark	Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Estonia	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Finland	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bufo bufo, Common Toad Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
France	Euproctus asper, Pyrenean Brook Newt Euproctus montanus, Corsican Brook Newt [COR] Speleomantes ambrosii, Ambrosi's Cave Salamander Speleomantes italicus, Italian Cave Salamander Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra corsica, Corsican Fire Salamander [COR] Salamandra lanzai, Lanza's Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus marmoratus, Marbled Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Discoglossus montalentii, Corsican Painted Frog Discoglossus pictus, Painted Frog Discoglossus sardus, Tyrrhenian Painted Frog [COR] Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis, Stripeless Tree Frog Hyla sarda, Tyrrhenian Tree Frog Pelobates cultripes, Western Spadefoot Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelodytes punctatus, Parsley Frog Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana bergeri, Italian Pool Frog [COR] Rana catesbiana, American Bullfrog [I] Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana kl grafi, Graf's Hybrid Frog Rana iberica, Iberian Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana perezi, Iberian Water Frog Rana pyrenaica, Pyrenean Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise Trachemys scripta, Red-Eared Terrapin [I]	Algyroides fitzingeri [COR] Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Chalcides chalcides, Italian Three-Toed Skink Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta aranica, Aran Rock Lizard Lacerta aurelioi, Aurelio's Rock Lizard Lacerta bonnali, Pyrenean Rock Lizard Lacerta bedriagae, Bedriaga's Rock Lizard [COR] Podarcis hispanica, Iberian Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis tiliguerta, Tyrrhenian Wall Lizard [COR] Psammodromus algirus, Large Psammodromus Psammodromus hispanicus, Spanish Psammodromus	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Coronella girondica, Southern Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe scalaris, Ladder Snake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix maura, Viperine Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper Vipera aspis, Asp Viper
Germany	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Trachemys scripta, Red-Eared Terrapin [I]	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera berus, Adder
Greece	Mertensiella luschani, Luschan's Salamander [AEG] Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana balcanica, Greek Marsh Frog Rana bedriagae, Levant Water Frog [AEG] Rana cerigensis, Karpathos Water Frog [AEG] Rana cretensis, Cretan Water Frog [CRE] Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana epeirotica, Epirus Water Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana sp	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise Testudo marginata, Marginated Tortoise	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Algyroides moreoticus, Greek Algyroides Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Blanus strauchi, Anatolian Worm Lizard [A] [AEG] Chalcides ocellatus, Ocellated Skink Chamaeleo africanus, African Chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta anatolica, Anatolian Rock Lizard [AEG] Lacerta danfordi, Danford's Lizard [AEG] Lacerta graeca, Greek Rock Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Laudakia stellio, Starred Agama Mabuya aurata, Levant Skink [AEG] Ophisops elegans, Snake-Eyed Lizard Ophiomorus punctatissimus, Limbless Skink Podarcis erhardii, Erhard's Wall Lizard Podarcis gaigae, Skyros Wall Lizard Podarcis milensis, Milos Wall Lizard [AEG] Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis peloponnesiaca, Peloponnese Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Vipera lebetina, Levantine Viper [AEG] Vipera xanthina, Ottoman Viper [AEG] Eirenis modestus [AEG] Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Hemorrhois ravergieri, Spotted Whipsnake [AEG] Hierophis gemonensis Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Hierophis najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder
Hungary	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander, Fire Salamander Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Ireland	Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	None
Italy	Proteus anguinus, Olm Euproctus platycephalus, Sardinian Brook Newt [SAR] Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra lanzai, Lanza's Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Salamandrina terdigitata, Spectacled Salamander Speleomantes ambrosii, Mont Albo Cave Salamander [SAR] Speleomantes flavus, Ambrosi's Cave Salamander Speleomantes genei, Gene's Cave Salamander [SAR] Speleomantes imperialis, Supramontane Cave Salamander [SAR] Speleomantes italicus, Italian Cave Salamander Speleomantes supramontis, Supramontane Cave Salamander [SAR] Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus italicus, Italian Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Discoglossus pictus, Painted Frog Discoglossus sardus, Tyrrhenian Painted Frog [SAR] Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla intermedia, Italian Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis, Stripeless Tree Frog Hyla sarda, Tyrrhenian Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelodytes punctatus, Parsley Frog Rana bergeri, Italian Pool Frog Rana catesbiana, American Bullfrog [I] Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana kl hispanica, Italian Hybrid Frog Rana italica, Italian Stream Frog Rana latastei, Lataste's Viper, Italian Agile Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise Testudo marginata, Marginated Tortoise [SAR] Trachemys scripta, Red-Eared Terrapin [I]	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Algyroides fitzingeri, Pygmy Algyroides [SAR] Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Blanus strauchi, Anatolian Worm Lizard [AEG] Chalcides chalcides, Italian Three-Toed Skink Chalcides ocellatus, Ocellated Skink Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta bedriagae, Bedriaga's Rock Lizard [SAR] Lacerta horvathi, Horvath's Rock Lizard Lacerta lepida, Ocellated Lizard Phyllodactylus europaeus, European Leaf-Toed Gecko Podarcis filfolensis, Maltese Wall Lizard Podarcis melisellensis, Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis raffonei, Aeolian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis tiliguerata [SAR] Podarcis wagleriana, Sicilian Wall Lizard [SIC] Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Coronella girondica, Southern Smooth Snake Elaphe lineata, Italian Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situala Hemorrhois hippocrepis, Horseshoe Whip Snake Hierophis gemonensis, Balkan Whip Snake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Macroprotodon cucullatus, Hooded Snake [G, L] Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix maura, Viperine Snake [SIC] Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Latvia	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Liechtenstein*	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle		Vipera berus, Adder
Lithuania*	Triturus cristatus Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Luxembourg	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake
Macedonia	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex Triturus karelinii, Balkan Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Laudakia stellio, Starred Agama Podarcis erhardii, Erhard's Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Malta	None	Discoglossus pictus, Painted Frog		Chalcides ocellatus, Ocellated Skink Chamaeleo chameleon Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Podarcis filfolensis, Maltese Wall Lizard Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coluber algirus, Algerian Whip Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake
Moldova	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Eremias arguta Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Hierophis caspius Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Monaco*			Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Lacerta bilineata, Western Green Lizard
Montenegro	Proteus anguinus, Olm Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana balcanica, Greek Marsh Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana shquiperica, Albanian Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Algyroides nigropunctatus. Dalmatian Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta mosorensis, Mosor Rock Lizard Lacerta oxycephala, Sharp-Snouted Rock Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Podarcis melisellensis, Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Hierophis gemonensis, Balkan Whip Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Netherlands	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana catesbiana, American Bullfrog [I] Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Norway	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bufo bufo, Common Toad Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Poland	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus montandoni, Montandon's Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Portugal	Chioglossa lusitanica, Golden-Striped Salamander Pleurodeles waltl, Sharp-Ribbed Newt Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander, Fire Salamander Triturus boscai, Bosca's Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus marmoratus, Marbled Newt Triturus pygmaeus, Pygmy Newt	Alytes cisternasii, Iberian Midwife Toad Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Discoglossus galganoi, West Iberian Painted Frog Discoglossus jeannae, East Iberian Painted Frog Discoglossus pictus, Painted Frog Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis, Stripeless Tree Frog Pelobates cultripes, Western Spadefoot Pelodytes ibericus, Iberian Parsley Frog Pelodytes punctatus, Parsley Frog Rana iberica, Iberian Frog Rana perezi, Iberian Water Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys leprosa, Spanish Terrapin	Acanthodactylus erythrurus Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Blanus cinereus, Iberian Worm Lizard [A] Chalcides bedriagai, Bedriagai's Skink Chalcides chalcides, Italian Three-Toed Skink Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta lepida, Ocellated Lizard Lacerta monticola, Iberian Rock Lizard Lacerta schreiberi, Schreiber's Lizard Podarcis bocagei, Bocage's Wall Lizard Podarcis carbonelli, Carbonell's Wall Lizard Podarcis dugesii, Madeira Wall Lizard [AZM] Podarcis hispanica, Iberian Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Psammodromus algirus, Large Psammodromus Psammodromus hispanicus, Spanish Psammodromus Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Coronella girondica, Southern Smooth Snake Elaphe scalaris, Ladder Snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis, Horseshoe Whipsnake Macroprotodon cucullatus, Hooded Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix maura, Viperine Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera latasti Vipera seoanei, Seoane's Viper
Romania	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus montandoni, Montandon's Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Darevskia praticola, Meadow Lizard Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Russia	Onychodactylus fischeri, Clawed Salamander [E] Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii, Siberian Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus karelinii, Balkan Crested Newt Triturus vittatus, Banded Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina orientalis, Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad [E] Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo gargarizans, Asiatic Toad [E?] Bufo raddei Bufo verrucosissimus Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla japonica [E] Hyla ussuriensis [E] Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Pelodytes caucasicus Rana amurensis [E] Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana catesbiana, American Bullfrog [I] Rana chensinensis [E?] Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana dybowskii Rana emeljanovii Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana nigromaculata [E?] Rana pirica [E?] Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana rugosa [E?] Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo horsfieldi Pelodiscus sinensis [E]	Alsophylax pipiens Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtopodion narynensis [E] Darevskia alpina Darevskia brauneri Darevskia caucasica Darevskia daghestanica Darevskia derjugini Darevskia praticola, Meadow Lizard Darevskia rudis, Keel-Tailed Rock Lizard Darevskia saxicola, Caucasian Rock Lizard Eremias argus [E] Eremias arguta, Steppe Racerunner Eremias brenchleyi [E] Eremias multiocellata [E] Eremias przewalskii [E] Eremias velox [E] Eumeces latiscutatus [E] Eumeces schneideri Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta media, Eastern Emerald Lizard Lacerta strigata, Caucasian Emerald Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Laudakia caucasica Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik Phrynocephalus guttatus Phrynocephalus helioscopus, Sungazing Agama Phrynocephalus melanurus [E] Phrynocephalus mystaceus Phrynocephalus strauchi Phrynocephalus versicolor [E] Takydromus amurensis [E] Takydromus wolteri [E] Trapelus agilis [E] Trapelus sanguinolentus [E]	Amphiesma vibakeri [E] Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Dinodon orientale [E] Dinodon rufozonatum [E] Eirenis collaris Eirenis modestus Elaphe climacophora [E] Elaphe conspicillata [E] Elaphe dione, Steppes Rat Snake Elaphe hohenackeri, Transcaucasian Rat Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quadrivirgata [E] Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe rufodorsata [E] Elaphe schrencki [E] Elaphe taeniura [E]^ Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Eryx miliaris Gloydius blomhoffi [E] Gloydius halys [E] Gloydius intermedius [E] Gloydius saxatilis [E] Gloydius ussuriensis [E] Hierophis caspius Hierophis schmidti Hierophis spinalis [E] Macrovipera lebetina Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix megalocephala Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Rhabdophis tigrinus [E] Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera dinniki Vipera kaznakovi, Caucasian Viper Vipera lotievi Vipera nikolskii Vipera renardi Vipera sachalinensis [E] Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
San Marino*		Bufo bufo, Common Toad		Lacerta bilineata, Western Green Lizard
Serbia*	Proteus anguinus, Olm Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Rana balcanica, Greek Marsh Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana graeca, Balkan Stream Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana shquiperica, Albanian Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Darevskia praticola, Meadow Lizard Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Slovakia* [18+14]	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus montandoni, Montandon's Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard	Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake
Slovenia	Proteus anguinus, Olm Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla intermedia, Italian Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana kl hispanica, Italian Hybrid Frog? Rana latastei, Lataste's Viper, Italian Agile Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta viridis Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis melisellensis, Dalmatian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Hierophis gemonensis, Balkan Whip Snake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera berus, Adder Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
Spain	Chioglossa lusitanica, Golden-Striped Salamander Euproctus asper, Pyrenean Brook Newt Pleurodeles waltl, Sharp-Ribbed Newt Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus boscai, Bosca's Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus marmoratus, Marbled Newt Triturus pygmaeus, Pygmy Newt	Alytes cisternasii, Iberian Midwife Toad Alytes dickhelleni, Southern Midwife Toad Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Alytes muletensis, Majorcan Midwife Toad [BAL] Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad [BAL][I] Discoglossus galganoi, West Iberian Painted Frog Discoglossus jeannae, East Iberian Painted Frog Discoglossus pictus, Painted Frog Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis, Stripeless Tree Frog Pelobates cultripes, Western Spadefoot Pelodytes ibericus, Iberian Parsley Frog Pelodytes punctatus, Parsley Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana kl grafi, Graf's Hybrid Frog Rana iberica, Iberian Frog Rana perezi, Iberian Water Frog Rana pyrenaica, Pyrenean Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys leprosa, Spanish Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise Trachemys scripta, Red-Eared Terrapin [I]	Acanthodactylus erythrurus Algyroides marchi, Spanish Algyroides Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Blanus cinereus, Iberian Worm Lizard [A] Chalcides bedriagai, Bedriagai's Skink Chalcides chalcides, Italian Three-Toed Skink Chalcides sexlineatus, Gran Canaria Skink [CAN] Chalcides viridianus, West Canary Skink [CAN] Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Gallotia atlantica, Atlantic Lizard [CAN] Gallotia caesaris, Hierro Lizard [CAN] Gallotia galloti, Canary Island Lizard [CAN] Gallotia gomerana, Gomeran Giant Lizard [CAN] Gallotia intermedia, Tenerife Giant Lizard [CAN] Gallotia stehlini, Gran Canaria Giant Lizard [CAN] Gallotia simonyi, El Hierro Giant Lizard [CAN] Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta aranica, Aran Rock Lizard Lacerta aurelioi, Aurelio's Rock Lizard Lacerta bonnali, Pyrenean Rock Lizard Lacerta lepida, Ocellated Lizard Lacerta monticola, Iberian Rock Lizard Lacerta schreiberi, Schreiber's Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis atrata, Columbretes Wall Lizard Podarcis bocagei, Bocage's Wall Lizard Podarcis carbonelli, Carbonell's Wall Lizard Podarcis dugesii, Madeira Wall Lizard [AZM] Podarcis hispanica, Iberian Wall Lizard Podarcis lilfordi, Lilford's Wall Lizard [BAL] Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis perspicillata, Moroccan Wall Lizard, Madeira Wall Lizard [BAL] Podarcis pityusensis, Ibiza Wall Lizard [BAL] Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard [BAL] Psammodromus algirus, Large Psammodromus Psammodromus hispanicus, Spanish Psammodromus Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Coronella girondica, Southern Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe scalaris, Ladder Snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis, Horseshoe Whipsnake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Macroprotodon cucullatus, Hooded Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix maura, Viperine Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera latasti Vipera seoanei, Seoane's Viper
Sweden	Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	None	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder
Switzerland	Salamandra atra, Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus carnifex, Italian Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Alytes obstetricans, Midwife Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis, Stripeless Tree Frog Pelobates cultripes, Western Spadefoot Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelodytes punctatus, Parsley Frog Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana iberica, Iberian Frog Rana latastei, Lataste's Viper, Italian Agile Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Hierophis viridiflavus, Western Whip Snake Natrix maura, Viperine Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera aspis, Asp Viper Vipera berus, Adder
Turkey*	Mertensiella caucasica, Luschan's Salamander Mertensiella luschani, Luschan's Salamander Neurergus crocatus Neurergus strauchii Salamandra infraimmaculata, Turkish Fire Salamander Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus karelinii, Balkan Crested Newt Triturus vittatus, Banded Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo verrucosissimus Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Hyla savignyi, Turkish Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus, Eastern Spadefoot Pelodytes caucasicus, Caucasian Parsley Frog Rana bedriagae, Levant Water Frog Rana camerani Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana holtzi Rana macrocnemis, Long-Legged Wood Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Mauremys caspica, Caspian Terrapin Mauremys rivulata, Balkan Terrapin Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise Testudo hermanni, Hermann's Tortoise Rafetus euphraticus, Euphrates Soft-Shelled Turtle Trionyx triunguis, Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle	Ablepharus bivittatus, Two-Lined Skink Ablepharus chernovi, Chernov's Skink Ablepharus kitaibelii, Snake-Eyed Skink Acanthodactylus boskianus, Bosc's Fringe-Toed Lizard Acanthodactylus schreiberi, Schreiber's Fringe-Toed Lizard Asaccus elisae, Werner's Leaf-Toed Gecko Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Blanus strauchi, Anatolian Worm Lizard [A] Chalcides ocellatus, Ocellated Skink Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Common Chameleon Cyrtodactylus basogliu, Basoglu's Gecko Cyrtopodion heterocercus Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum, Rough-Tailed Gecko Darevskia armeniaca, Armenian Rock Lizard Darevskia bendimahiensis, Van Lake Lizard Darevskia brauneri, Braun's Rock Lizard Darevskia clarkorum, Clark's Rock Lizard Darevskia derjugini, Artvin Rock Lizard Darevskia mixta, Adshari Rock Lizard Darevskia parvula, Small Rock Lizard Darevskia praticola, Meadow Lizard Darevskia raddei, Azeri Rock Lizard Darevskia rudis, Keel-Tailed Rock Lizard Darevskia sapphirina, Blue Rock Lizard Darevskia saxicola, Caucasian Rock Lizard Darevskia unisexualis, White-Bellied Rock Lizard Darevskia uzzelli, Uzzell's Rock Lizard Darevskia valentini, Valentine's Rock Lizard Eremias arguta, Steppe Racerunner Eremias pleskei, Pleski's Racerunner Eremias strauchi, Strauch's Racerunner Eremias suphani, Basoglu's Racerunner Eublepharis angramainyu, Iranian Fat-Tailed Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus, Turkish Gecko Lacerta anatolica, Anatolian Rock Lizard [AEG] Lacerta cappodocica, Cappodocian Rock Lizard Lacerta cyanisparsa, Sparse Blue Lizard Lacerta danfordi, Danford's Lizard Lacerta dryada, Dryad Lizard Lacerta graeca, Greek Rock Lizard Lacerta laevis, Lebanese Lizard Lacerta media, Eastern Emerald Lizard Lacerta oertzeni Lacerta pamphylica, Pamphylian Lizard Lacerta strigata, Caucasian Emerald Lizard Lacerta trilineata, Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Laudakia caucasica, Caucasian Agama Laudakia stellio, Starred Agama Mabuya aurata, Levant Skink Mabuya vittata, Bridled Mabuya Novoeumeces schneideri, Schneider's Skink Ophisops elegans, Snake-Eyed Lizard Ophiomorus punctatissimus, Limbless Skink Parvilacerta parva, Dwarf Lizard Phrynocephalus helioscopus, Sungazing Agama Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula, Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik Stenodactylus grandiceps, Jordanian Short-Fingered Gecko Tarentola mauritanica, Moorish Gecko Timon princeps, Zagrosian Lizard Trapelus ruderatus Varanus griseus, Desert Monitor	Coluber najadum, Dahl's Whip Snake Coluber rubriceps, Reddish Whip Snake Coluber ventromaculatus, Hardwicke's Rat Snake Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Eirenis aurolineatus Eirenis barani, Baran Dwarf Racer Eirenis collaris, Collared Dwarf Racer Eirenis coronella, Crowned Dwarf Racer Eirenis decemlineata, Ten-Lined Dwarf Racer Eirenis eiselti, Eiselt's Dwarf Racer Eirenis hakkariensis Eirenis levantinus Eirenis lineomaculatus Eirenis modestus, Asia Minor Dwarf Racer Eirenis persicus, Dark-Headed Dwarf Racer Eirenis punctatolineatus, Dotted Dwarf Racer Eirenis rothi, Roth's Dwarf Racer Eirenis thospitis Elaphe hohenackeri, Transcaucasian Rat Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe sauromates, Eastern Four-Lined Snake Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Eryx jaculus, Sand Boa Hemorrhois nummifer, Coin Snake Hemorrhois ravergieri, Spotted Whipsnake Hierophis caspius, Large Whip Snake Hierophis jugularis, Large Whip Snake Hierophis schmidti Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus, Long-Nosed Worm Snake Rhinotyphlops episcopus Macrovipera lebetina, Levantine Viper Malpolon monspessulanus, Montpellier Snake Natrix megalocephala, Big-Headed European Grass Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Pseudocerastes persicus, Persian Horned Viper? Rhynchocephalus melanocephalus, Black-Headed Racer Spalerosophis diadema, Diadem Snake Telescopus fallax, European Cat Snake Typhlops vermicularis, Worm Snake Vipera albizona, Anatolian Viper Vipera barani, Turkish Viper Vipera ammodytes, Nose-Horned Viper Vipera darevskii, Darevski's Viper Vipera eriwanensis, Erevan Viper Vipera kaznakovi, Caucasian Viper Vipera palaestinae, Palestinian Viper Vipera pontica, Black Sea Viper Vipera raddei, Radde's Viper Vipera trancaucasiana, Transcaucasian Viper Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper Vipera wagneri, Wagner's Viper Vipera xanthina, Ottoman Viper
Ukraine	Salamandra salamandra, Fire Salamander Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus, Danube Crested Newt Triturus karelinii, Balkan Crested Newt Triturus montandoni, Montandon's Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bombina bombina, Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina variegata, Yellow-Bellied Toad Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Bufo viridis, Green Toad Hyla arborea, Common Tree Frog Pelobates fuscus, Common Spadefoot Rana arvalis, Moor Frog Rana camerani Rana dalmatina, Agile Frog Rana esculenta, Edible Frog Rana lessonae, Pool Frog Rana macrocnemis, Long-Legged Wood Frog Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Emys orbicularis, European Pond Turtle Testudo graeca, Spur-Thighed Tortoise	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Kotschyi's Gecko Darevskia armeniaca, Armenian Rock Lizard [I] Darevskia brauneri, Braun's Rock Lizard Darevskia lindholmi, Lindholm's Rock Lizard Darevskia saxicola, Caucasian Rock Lizard Eremias arguta Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Podarcis taurica, Balkan Wall Lizard Pseudopus apodus, Scheltopusik	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Elaphe dione, Steppes Rat Snake Elaphe longissima, Aesculapian Rat Snake Elaphe quatorlineata, Four-Lined Snake Elaphe sauromates Elaphe situla, Leopard Snake Hierophis caspius Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Natrix tessellata, Dice Snake Vipera nikolskii Vipera renardi Vipera ursinii, Orsini's Viper
United Kingdom	Triturus alpestris, Alpine Newt [I] Triturus carnifex [I] Triturus cristatus, Northern Crested Newt Triturus helveticus, Palmate Newt Triturus vulgaris, Common Newt	Bufo bufo, Common Toad Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad Rana bedriagae, Levant Water Frog [I]? Rana catesbiana, American Bullfrog [I] Rana kl esculenta, Edible Frog [I] Rana lessonae, Pool Frog [I] Rana ridibunda, Marsh Frog [I] Rana temporaria, Common Frog	Trachemys scripta, Red-Eared Terrapin [I]	Anguis fragilis, Slowworm Lacerta agilis, Sand Lizard Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard [CH] Lacerta vivipara, Common Lizard Podarcis muralis, Wall Lizard [CH]	Coronella austriaca, Smooth Snake Natrix natrix, Grass Snake Vipera berus, Adder

Notes

Hierophis jugularis may be synonymous with Hierophis caspius over much of the range listed here, so should be regarded as H. caspius. This does not however apply to Greece or Turkey. I am still seeking clarification.
The amphibian lists for Montenegro and Serbia were taken from , which currently treats both countries as a single unit (reasonably so, since Montenegro has only recently voted for independence). Therefore there may be a few cases where a species listed in either country may not in fact be present.

Bibliography

Die Amphibien Europas, Andreas and Christel Nöllert, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1992. Outstanding nature guide to every species of amphibian found in Europe.

Collins Field Guide to Reptiles & Amphibians of Britain & Europe, E N Arnold, J A Burton and D W Ovenden, HarperCollins, London 1978. For years this has been an invaluable guide to the English speaker, although a few of the taxonomic details were in need of revision. This was finally accomplished with the revised edition of 2002/4.

Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas [Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe], Dr Wolf-Eberhard Engelmann, Jürgen Fritzsche, Dr sc. Rainer Günther and Dipl.Biol. Fritz Jürgen Obst, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1986. A German-language equivalent but with a rather wider definition of Europe which includes the Transcaucasus, and useful details on the distribution of subspecies. Now apparently out of print.

Guia de campo de los anfibios y reptiles de la peninsula iberica, islas baleares y canarias [Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic and Canary Islands], Alfredo Salvador, Madrid. ISBN: 84-86238-07-2. Excellent book covering all reptiles and amphibians in the aforementioned areas. The one drawback for English speakers is that the text is Spanish. This book is unfortunately now out of print, but well worth purchasing if you can get a second hand copy.

Links

EMBL reptile database, maintained by Peter Uetz and colleagues

Frost, Darrel R, 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference, version 3.0.

Both the above databases were invaluable in checking data for individual countries, particularly those in Eastern Europe and Turkey.

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