Added 9 June 2001. Last updated 6 October 2022: updated entries for A. binotatus, A. crassulus, A. cupreus, A. humilis, A. laeviventris, A. lemurinus, A. nebuloides, A. nebulosus, A. oxylophus, A. poecilopus, A. quaggulus, A. salvini, A. trachyderma, and A. tropidonotus.

A look at the

Genus Anolis - Anole Lizards

Family IGUANIDAE [POLYCHROTIDAE]

Genus Anolis - Anole Lizards

The table below aims to list all the currently known species of the genus Anolis. Many species were split off into the genus Norops within the past decade or so, but more recently the new genus has been viewed as invalid. Therefore we have included all the former Norops species here, marked with an N. to show their former assignment. This may help enthusiasts since recent literature may refer to Norops rather than Anolis.

Boulenger (1885) gave the characteristics of the genus as follows: tympanum distinct. Body more or less compressed, cylindrical, or feebly depressed, covered with juxtaposed or imbricate scales or granules. Dorso-nuchal crest slightly developed or absent. Male with a gular appendage. Digits more or less dilated, inferiorly with smooth transverse lamellae, the distal joints slender and raised above the basal ones. No femoral or preanal pores. Tail long, cylindrical or compressed, not prehensile. Lateral teeth tricuspid; pterygoid teeth generally present. No sternal fontanelle. Abdominal ribs. However, it is worth noting that Boulenger's description did not include those anoles belonging to other genera such as Chamaeleolis, Norops or Xiphocercus.

Despite the huge size of the genus, very few Anolis species are kept in captivity. The Green Anole (A. carolinensis) is offered fairly often but does not get the attention it deserves, being usually regarded as a "beginner's" lizard. As its range in the southern US is being encroached upon by alien (non-native) anoles, this would seem to indicate the right time and opportunity for keepers to begin breeding some of this species in captivity. A. sagrei (formerly Norops sagrei)is also offered quite frequently. The large Knight Anole (A. equestris) is also seen, albeit less frequently. European hobbyists and breeders are working on other species, but even so at the moment these reptiles are regarded as suitable for specialists only rather than being sought after. See the Bibliography for some helpful guides.

Those Anolis species at least occasionally seen in the trade are marked with an asterisk (*): those which are common, with two (**). For the full genus listing including distribution details, visit the Reptile Database page, to whom we are indebted for some of the details below. Although we hope to have details here for all species eventually, this will take quite some time. See also the Bibliography and Links below.

NOTES: "Hispaniola" here refers to Haiti and Western Dominica. Unless otherwise stated, all islands are in the Caribbean region.

Scientific Name	Common Name	Distribution	Size	Notes
Anolis
A. acutus	St Croix Anole	Lesser Antilles: US Virgin Islands, St. Croix, Puerto Rico Bank	8" (TL 16.5 cm, SVL 6 cm)	Dorsal coloration is a shade of bronze but may vary between dark brown and grey: dewlap is white to dull grey and edged in yellow or orange [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. It is closely related to A. cristatellus and kin. Anole Pictures has several shots of this species. Description: head moderate, nearly once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia ; forehead and occiput concave in the male; frontal ridges distinct; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles very large, in. contact with each other and with the occipital, the size of which equals or exceeds that of the ear-opening; the supraorbital series produced forwards as frontal series; six to ten enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; loreal rows 4-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, vertically oval. Gular appendage moderately large, indicated in the female; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body compressed, scarcely in the female; a slight dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, much enlarged, rhomboidal and strongly keeled on the vertebral region; ventral scales nearly as large as vertebrals, subhexagonal, imbricate, distinctly keeled. Limbs moderate; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or slightly beyond; digital expansions well developed; 21-24 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: strongly compressed, covered with unequal-sized keeled scales forming distinct segments, with a strong unequally serrated upper ridge; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: greenish-olive or brownish above, uniform or dotted with brown ; a brown band along the posterior side of the thighs in the female ; latter sometimes with a light vertebral band crossed by narrow black bars; lower surfaces whitish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. adleri		Mexico
A. aeneus
A. aequatorialis
A. agassizi
A. agueroi	Cabo Cruz Bearded Anole	Cuba	?"	Occasionally considered a Chameleolis species instead. No other information available.
A. [N.] ahli	Escambray Blue-Eyed Anole	Cuba (Sierra de Trinidad)	5-6½"	This is a brown anole with very obscure red striping on the back and a black patch on the neck [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. Orange-red dewlap edged in yellow: no other information so far available.
A. alayoni	Alayon's Twig Anole	E Cuba	3-4"	Dark yellow dewlap: no other information so far available. See also diagnosis in Reptile Database entry.
A. albimaculatus				Now considered synonymous with A. boettgeri: see Reptile Database entry.
A. alfaroi	Small-Fanned Bush Anole	E Cuba	3-4?"	Small bush-dwelling anoles found at heights up to 780m. Small pale grey dewlap with white inner scales [Perez i Gorgoy]: no other information so far available.
A. aliniger	Northern Green Twig Anole	Haiti, Dominican Republic	?"	Bromeliad dweller [Fläschendräger]. This is an attractive green anole with a yellow smudge over its eyes that trails backward to eventually fade into the green of the body behind the head. There is a similar yellow-coloured pocket just in front of the arm socket. A trace of blue may be seen on the upper lip.
A. allisoni*	Allison's Anole, Blue Anole	Cuba, Honduras, Mexico (Quintana Roo), Belize, Islas de la Bahia	6-8"	Tree dweller very similar in appearance to the better known Green Anole, A. carolinensis, but with flatter and longer snout. Males often have light blue heads and anterior bodies: the species has an elongated ear opening in contrast to the oval or vertical ear of other species [Walls].
A. [N.] allogus	Spanish Flag Anole	Cuba	7½"	This is a forest dweller, being found on tree trunks or the ground. Coloration is a dorsal red-brown with a yellow reticulum: dewlap is yellow with 3-4 vertical stripes [Heselhaus & Schmidt, Perez i Gorgoy]. There are three distinct crests along the back and tail. See the CAD entry for a picture and more details.
A. [N.] altae	High Anole	Costa Rica		May be listed as A. achilles in some older literature: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. altavelensis	Alto Velo Gracile Anole	Isla Alto Velo (Dominican Republic)	4?"	Confined to small island of Alto Velo off the Dominican Republic. No other information available.
A. altitudinalis	Turquino Green-Mottled Anole	E Cuba		Formerly considered subspecies of A. isolepis: see Reptile Database Entry.
A. alumina	Barahona Grass Anole	Barahona Peninsula (SE Haiti, SW Dominican Rep.)	4-5"	Grass-dwelling anole with pale green-yellow dewlap. Perez i Gorgoy notes that this species is closely related to A. semilineatus and A. olsonni. No other information available.
A. alutaceous	Cuban Grass Anole	Cuba, Isla de la Juventud	TL approx 13.5 cm, TL approx 4.5 cm	Small brown bush-dwelling anole. See Heselhaus & Schmidt for husbandry details: good ventilation is of primary importance. Description: Head elongate, less so than in A. spectrum. Frontal ridges distinct, not elevated, convergent anteriorly, and enclosing a very elongate depression; anterior upper head-scales weakly many-keeled or smooth, those of the supraorbital semicircles separated medially by small scales; 5-7 enlarged supraocular scales, separated by granules from the supraorbitals; occipital small, irregular, widely separated from the supraorbitals; canthus rostralis not prominent; 7 upper labials; auricular opening moderate. Gular appendage elongate, of female rudimentary. Lateral scales small, gradually blending into the larger dorsals, of which there are about 10 rows, weakly keeled; ventral scales smooth, transversely oblong, in some specimens having a carinate appearance upon the thoracic region. The adpressed hind limb reaches the orbit. Tail: cylindrical, a little more than twice the length of head and body. Coloration: upper parts dark cinnamon, lighter in the female, beneath paler, thickly punctulated with brown on the throat, sides, and extremities; on the head, a light band crosses the anterior part of the supraorbital region, and another extends longitudinally back from the rostral plate. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] alvarazdelteroi
A. [N.] amplisquamosus
A. anchicayae		Colombia		See Reptile Database entry for more details.
A. andianus
A. anfiloquioi
A. angusticeps
A. [N.] anisolepis
A. [N.] annectens	Black-Throated Stout Anole	S Haiti, SW Dominican Republic	5-6"
A. [N.] anoriensis		Colombia		Found in Andes mountains: see Reptile Database entry for more details.
A. antioquiae
A. [N.] antonii	Statia Bank Tree Anole	Lesser Antilles (St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Nevis)	8-12"
A. apletophallus		Panama		See Reptile Database entry for more details.
A. apollinaris	Boulenger's Anole	Colombia
A. [N.] aquaticus	Water Anole	Costa Rica, Panama
A. argenteolus
A. argillaceous
A. armouri	Black-Throated Stout Anole, Armoured Anole	S Haiti, SW Dominican Republic	5-6"	Distinctly terrestrial anole that dwells in pine forests and woods, often among rocks or even on cobbled streambeds (Perez i Gorgoy). The latter notes that this anole does not climb at all. Dewlap is green-grey. Once considered a subspecies of A. cybotes.
A. attenuatus
A. [N.] auratus		Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Brazil	TL 18 cm, SVL 5 cm	Description: habit slender. Head nearly twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; upper head-scales subequal, uni- or tricarinate; occipital enlarged, larger than the ear-opening; five labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening oval, slightly oblique. Gular appendage moderately large, slightly indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Dorsal and ventral scales large, equal, rhomboidal, imbricate, sharply keeled, the former in ten or twelve longitudinal series; lateral scales very small, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye, or between the latter and the ear; digits not distinctly dilated. Tail more than twice as long as head and body, covered with equal, sharply keeled scales. Coloration: golden brown above; a dark band, usually bordered inferiorly by a white one, extends from the eye to the side of the body, passing above the ear; lower surfaces yellowish; the male's gular appendage dark blue or with a bluish spot. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] baccatus				Now considered to be synonymous with Mexican specimens of A. carolinensis: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. baharucoensis
A. baleatus
A. baracoae
A. barahonae
A. barbatus
A. barbouri
A. [N.] barkeri
A. bartschi
A. beckeri	Becker's Anole	Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, N Nicaragua	TL approx 11.5 cm; SVL 6.5 cm	Description: head once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; frontal concavity slightly marked, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, in contact medially, or separated by one series of scales; enlarged supraocular scales numerous, smooth, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 rows of granules; occipital much, larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis rather obtuse, canthal scales 4; 4 loreal rows; 8 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening very small, roundish. Gular appendage small, but well developed; gular scales smooth. Body not compressed. Dorsal and lateral scales equal in size, minute, granular, smooth; ventrals similar, but larger. Limbs very short; the adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder; digital expansions well developed; 18 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4th toe. Tail: cylindrical, not much longer than head and body, with a dorsal series of enlarged flat scales. Coloration: light grey above, with pure white spots and a dark-brown network; tail encircled by complete dark-brown annuli; beneath white, with a few dark spots. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. bellipeniculus				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. benedikti		Costa Rica, Panama		Described in 2011: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. [N.] bicaorum
A. bimaculata	Statia Bank Tree Anole	Lesser Antilles (St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Nevis)	8-12"	Formerly considered A. barbudensis until 1991. This is an attractive arboreal anole, being a green with darker speckling on the back and a thin yellow stripe running laterally from the snout to the ear and another from the ear to the elbow. Some photos also show somewhat blue-headed specimens. The subspecies A. b. leachi is more a brown-gray colour. Males have very low and erectile occipital crests: in addition to this ornamentation, they are considerably larger than the females. The dewlap is white spotted on a green or yellow background. A. bimaculata dwells in the tops of palm trees, thus necessitating a tall vivarium. See Heselhaus & Schmidt for husbandry details.
A. b. bimaculata		Lesser Antilles (St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Nevis)
A. b. leachi		Antigua, Bermuda
A. binotatus		Colombia, Ecuador		Described by Boulenger as “very close to, and perhaps not specifically distinct from, A. sericeus sallaei”, from which it was distinguished by a rather larger ear-opening (diameter of which somewhat more than half the length of the occipital) and smaller dorsal scales.
A. biporcatus	Tropical Green Anole	S Mexico to N South America	8-9"	Also similar in appearance to A. carolinensis, but with a heavier head and heavier ridges over the eyes and a grey to dark olive meshwork of varying design over the uniform green colour [Walls]. Dewlap is pink with bright blue centre.
A. [N.] birama
A. [N.] bitectus	Roof Anole	Ecuador	TL approx 13 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	Description: head nearly twice as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than the tibia; snout acuminate; forehead concave, frontal ridges obsolete; upper head-scales strongly bi- or tricarinate; scales of the supraorbital semicircles slightly enlarged, separated by 2-3 series of scales; 6-7 strongly enlarged, pluricarinate supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of smaller scales; occipital as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3-4 series of scales; canthus rostralis distinct, canthal scales 4; 7 loreal rows; 8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Body a little compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales large, hexagonal, juxtaposed, strongly keeled, in eleven longitudinal series; lateral scales minutely granular; ventral scales larger than dorsals, rounded, imbricate, strongly keeled. Limbs slender; the adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit or the nostril; digits very feebly dilated; 13-14 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: roundish, slightly compressed, covered with equal, strongly keeled scales; its length not twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale brown above; a broad dark brown band from the eye to the side of the body; limbs with irregular dark brown transverse bars; a dark transverse band between the eyes; upper lip and lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. blanquillanus	?	Venezuela (Isla Margarita and Morro Fondeadero), Columbia (La Guajira peninsula)	10"	Arboreal species. Males are larger. See the Fläschendräger article for records of this anole in captivity.
A. [N.] bocourtii	?	Venezuela (Isla Margarita and Morro Fondeadero), Columbia (La Guajira peninsula)	10"	Arboreal species. Males are larger. See the Fläschendräger article for records of this anole in captivity.
A. boettgeri
A. [N.] bombiceps
A. bonairensis
A. [N.] bouvierii				Now considered synonymous with A. ortonii: see Reptile Database entry.
A. brasiliensis	Brazilian Anole	Brazil		Formerly considered a subspecies of A. nitens: see Reptile Database entry.
A. [N.] breedlovei
A. [N.] bremeri
A. brevirostris
A. brunneus
A. calimae
A. [N.] campbelli		W Guatemala		Described in 2008: see Reptile Database entry.
A. [N.] capito	Tropical Short-Headed Anole	SE Mexico to Panama	8"	One of the few anole species where the female may be larger than the male. Overall colour is usually brown: males may be mottled or streaked, but females can also have a dark brown mottling and a white middorsal stripe and black dorsolateral stripes [Walls].
A. caquetae
A. carlostoddi				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. carolinensis**	(Northern) Green Anole	USA (North Carolina to S Texas, inc. Florida)	8"	The only native US anole. Florida populations are under pressure from introduced species. Easily distinguishable in its range and in the trade by uniform green colour and pink dewlap with white spotted pattern. Females have a pale dorsal stripe [de Vosjoli]. Click here for some pictures. Description: head once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; in the adult male the head very large, with very strong and prominent frontal ridges, converging anteriorly, and canthi rostrales, and slightly concave occiput, the head-scales large and rough, and the nostrils turned entirely upwards; the head moderate in the female, with strongly striated scales; scales of the supraorbital semicircles separated by 1-2 series of scales; 6-11 enlarged supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of smaller scales; occipital as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of scales; canthal scales 4; loreal rows 3-5; 6-9 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, roundish subtriangular. Gular appendage moderately large, scarcely indicated in the female; gular scales keeled or striated. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and ventral scales equal, keeled, roundish-hexagonal, juxtaposed or subimbricate; lateral scales a little smaller, round. Limbs short; the adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder or the ear; digital expansions well developed; 22-27 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail round, with a dorsal series of slightly enlarged scales; its length nearly twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: green above, head brownish; body and limbs frequently dotted or reticulated with black; sometimes a light vertebral band, and a large blue ocellus above the axil; lower surfaces greenish white, uniform or speckled with blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] carpenteri
A. casildae
A. caudalis
A. centralis
A. chameleonides		Cuba (Isla de la Juventud)	TL 32.5 cm, SVL approx 17.5 cm	Description: head very large, chamaeleon-like, twice as long as broad, raised posteriorly; upper surface concave, covered with irregular, rough, bony tubercles, largest on the prominent canthus rostralis; nostril near the tip of the snout; eye-opening very small; ear-opening small, vertically oval, a small dermal process above it; labials numerous ; rostral and mental small, latter bisected; several rows of enlarged scales near the infralabials. Gular scales minute, granular; a double row of small triangular lobes on the chin; gular appendage large, extending to the posterior extremity of the thorax. Body strongly compressed. Dorso-nuchal crest attached to the posterior border of the casque, decreasing gradually in height, its edge scarcely denticulated; it is covered with longitudinal rows of roundish flat tubercles, separated by wrinkled subgranular skin. Body covered above and on the sides with large, round, flat scales, separated by intervals occupied by much smaller ones; ventral region minutely granulate. Limbs rather short, the adpressed hind limb reaching axilla ; digits strongly dilated. Tail: very strongly compressed, as long as head and body, covered with large, juxtaposed, irregular smooth scales, inferiorly with smaller keeled ones. Coloration: brownish, variegated with yellowish; gular appendage purplish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. charlesmyersi		Costa Rica, Panama		Considered part of A. pentaprion until 2010: see Reptile Database entry.
A. chloris
A. chlorocyanus	Hispaniola Green Anole	Hispaniola, Ile de la Gonave, Ile de la Tortue, Isla Saona; Florida (introduced), Surinam (introduced).	TL approx 15 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Very similar in appearance and behaviour to the Green Anole A. carolinensis, but can be distinguished from the latter by a blue dewlap. There is one known subspecies, A. c. cyanostictus. Description: head moderate, nearly twice as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead very slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales rugose, not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles feebly enlarged, separated medially by 1-2 series of smaller scales; 9-12 enlarged, feebly striated supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 series of smaller scales; occipitals small, as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; 3-4 loreal rows; 7-8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval. Gular appendage large in the male, indicated in the female; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, smooth or obtusely keeled, very slightly enlarged on the vertebral region; ventral scales large, subhexagonal, subimbricate, smooth or obtusely keeled. Limbs not very long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the neck; digital expansions well developed; 25 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: roundish, with a series of enlarged flat scales superiorly; its length not twice that of head and body. Coloration: green, lighter inferiorly; head and a large spot on each side of the body, extending to the axil, may be dark brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. chocorum
A. christophei
A. [N.] chrysolepis	Goldenscale Anole	S Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, N Brazil
A. clivicola
A. [N.] cobanensis
A. coelestinus
A. [N.] compressicauda
A. [N.] concolor	Isla San Andres Anole	Colombia (San Andres Island)	?	Description: general form that of A. lineatopus. Head elongate, snout rather narrow; forehead concave, frontal ridges not acute, convergent anteriorly; upper head-scales more or less keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles in contact, or separated by one series of granules medially; supraoculars numerous, keeled; occipital large, not in contact with superciliaries, in a depression; 5-6 loreal rows; 8 upper labials; ear-opening moderate, vertical. A strong nuchal fold in larger specimens. Lateral scales minute, dorsals larger, keeled, two median rows abruptly largest; ventrals keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior part of the orbit; digital expansions moderate. Tail: cylindrical or slightly compressed. Coloration: General colour darker or lighter brownish green, the extremities faintly banded; a few dorsal dots in the young. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] confusus
A. [N.] conspersus
A. cooki
A. [N.] crassulus	Ornate Anole	Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador	TL approx 13.5 cm, SVL approx 4.5 cm	See Reptile Database entry for a discussion of various aspects of this species. Description: head once and two thirds as long as broad, considerably longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth or feebly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially, or separated by one or two series of scales; a few enlarged, smooth or feebly keeled supraocular scales arrangedin 2-3 longitudinal series; occipital rather small, not, or but slightly, larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; 4 loreal rows; 6-7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye ; ear-opening moderate, oval, oblique. Gular appendage large, indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Body short, slightly compressed in the male; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales large, rhomboidal or hexagonal, imbricate, strongly keeled, rather irregular, arranged in about 14 longitudinal series; the dorsal scales abruptly pass into the laterals, which are small, subgranular, keeled, and intermixed with a few scattered enlarged rhomboidal ones; ventral scales very large, larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, strongly keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the posterior border of the orbit ; digits moderately dilated; 15-16 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: slightly compressed, nearly twice as long as head and body, covered with large, strongly keeled scales. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: bronzy or coppery above, uniform or with small ill-defined darker spots; a brown indistinct band on each side of the head and neck, passing through the eye; female with a broad yellowish vertebral band; lower surfaces yellowish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. cristatellus*	Crested Anole	Puerto Rico and neighbouring islands: Florida (introduced)	7" (TL 20.5 cm, SVL 7 cm)	This is a brownish anole with a high crest on the tail and greenish to pale tan dewlap [Walls]. Description: Head moderate, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead more or less distinctly concave, with two diverging ridges; a concavity behind the interorbital region in the male; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles very large, in contact between the orbits (exceptionally separated by one row of granules), produced forwards as frontal series; 6-12 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 rows of granules; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales three; 5-6 loreal rows; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye ; ear opening moderately large, vertically suboval. Gular appendage of moderate size, scarcely developed in the female, with rows of distant small scales; gular scales very small, feebly keeled. Body rather short, feebly compressed, in the male with a dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, smooth, smaller still on the flanks; ventral scales larger, cycloid, imbricate, smooth or feebly keeled. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or a little beyond; digital expansions well developed 18-25 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: compressed, strongly in the male; the latter have usually, but not always, a much developed fin-like crest on the basal half of the tail, supported by the much-produced spinous processes of the vertebrae; length of the tail not twice that of head and body. Male without distinctly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: greyish or brownish above, uniform or marbled with brown; females and young with a more or less distinct light vertebral band; lower surfaces whitish, uniform or dotted with brown; gular appendage blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. cristifer
A. cryptolimifrons		Costa Rica, Panama		Formerly considered part of A. limifrons: see Reptile Database entry.
A. [N.] cumingii
A. cupeyalensis
A. cupreus	Copper Anole	Guatelama, Costa Rica, Honduras, poss. El Salvador	TL approx 12.5 cm, SVL approx 4.5 cm	See Reptile Database entry for discussion of subspecies and distribution. Description: head about once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges very short, or indistinct; upper head-scales strongly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, separated by 1-2 series of scales; a few enlarged, strongly keeled supraocular scales, irregularly arranged; occipital as large as, or a little larger than, the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, 3 canthal scales; 6 loreal rows; six or seven upper labials to below the centre of the eye ; ear-opening rather large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, scarcely indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Body slightly compressed in the male; no dorso-nuchal crest. Dorsal scales rhomboidal or hexagonal, subimbricate and keeled, graduating into the small keeled granules of the sides; ventrals larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, sharply keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the anterior border of the orbit; digits rather feebly dilated; 13-14 lamellae under phalanges n. and ni. of the fourth toe. Tail: cylindrical, not quite twice as long as head and body, covered with large, equal, strongly keeled scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, with metallic gloss ; usually a paler vertebral band; one specimen with a round black spot above the shoulder ; no spot on the gular appendage. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. cuscoensis
A. [N.] cusuco
A. cuvieri	Puerto Rican Giant Anole	Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands	16" (TL approx 38.5 cm, SL approx 14 cm	Light, almost lemon green giant anole which if stressed turns darker in colour. The dewlap of the male is yellow in the male, yellow-green in the female. Both sexes have black and green eyelid markings. This species is found on the trunk and crown of large trees and in captivity requires a tall cage with reasonably thick branches. Like the Knight Anole A. equestris it has a hard bite. See Heselhaus & Schmidt for husbandry details. Description: head large, not quite twice as long as broad, much longer than the tibia ; forehead and occiput concave; anterior part of head covered with hexagonal, flat, rugose scales; scales of the supraorbital semicircles not enlarged; supraocular scales small, with two series of hexagonal, keeled, enlarged ones; supraciliary edge very prominent, forming a small crest ; canthus rostralis prominent; loreal rows 5; 10 upper labials; ear-opening vertically oval. Gular appendage very large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, nearly entirely naked. Body strongly compressed, with a small serrated crest. Dorsal scales ovate-hexagonal, feebly keeled, juxtaposed, separated by minute granules; ventral scales as large as dorsals, squarish, smooth, subimbricate. Limbs moderately elongate ; the scales under the thighs as large as the ventrals; digital expansions well developed. Tail: strongly compressed, in the male with a high fin-like crest on its anterior half, supported by the much-produced neural spines. Coloration: slaty blue above, flanks blackish: a series of brown spots on the vertebral line ; lower surfaces bluish white, the gular appendage white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. cyanopleurus		Cuba	TL 14 cm, SVL 4 cm	See Reptile Database entry for subspecies data. Description: head moderately large, twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges distinct; upper head-scales keeled or striated; scales of the supraorbital semicircles slightly enlarged, separated by one series of scales; 3-4 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; occipital smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series ot scales; canthus rostralis rather feebly marked, canthal scales 3-4; 4-5 loreal rows; 5-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, oval. Gular appendage small; gular scales feebly keeled. Body compressed; no dorsal-nuchal fold. 8 longitudinal series of large, hexagonal, feebly keeled or striated dorsal scales, larger than the ventrals; lateral scales very small, granular; ventral scales hexagonal, imbricate, keeled. Limbs long and slender; the adpressed hind limb reaches between the eye and the nostril; digits rather feebly dilated ; fourteen or fifteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: slightly compressed, covered with large strongly keeled scales, the keels forming continuous lines; its length more than twice that of head and body. No distinctly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale metallic green above; sides purplish blue, sometimes with a series of small metallic spots; a white streak on the upper lip; limbs with metallic transverse spots; lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. c. cyanopleurus
A. c. orientalis
A. cybotes*	Big-Headed Anole	Venezuela (Isla Margarita and Morro Fondeadero), Columbia (La Guajira peninsula)	8"	Plain brown species that preys on smaller anoles and geckos among other prey. Adult males have a large nap crest and a yellowish dewlap with sometimes a pink centre [Walls]. It is a terrestrial anole. Description: head large in the male, with slightly swollen cheeks, moderate in the female; its width about once and two thirds in its length, which exceeds that of the tibia; forehead concave, occiput concave in the male; two feeble frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth or a little rugose; scales of the supraorbital semicircles very large, in contact between the orbits; eleven to thirteen enlarged, feebly keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two rows of granules; occipital as long as, but narrower than, the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by two series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales three; six to eight loreal rows; six or seven labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, suboval. Gular appendage of moderate size, scarcely developed in the female; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body short, compressed, in the male with a well-marked dorsonuchal fold. Dorsal scales minute, granular, considerably enlarged and feebly keeled on the vertebral line; ventral scales large, cycloid, strongly imbricate, smooth. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches between the orbit and the nostril; digital expansions rather narrow; eighteen to twenty lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: compressed, strongly in the male, with feebly serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: grey-brown above, with darker markings; female with a pale vertebral line, and a regular series of large, sharply defined, brown spots on each side of the back ; limbs with more or less distinct brown cross bars; lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] cymbops		Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla)	TL 10 cm, SVL 4 cm	Description: head once and two thirds as long as broad, slightly longer than the tibia; snout rather pointed; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales keeled; supraorbital semicircles separated by one row of scales of nearly equal size; 8 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, in three longitudinal rows, those of the inner row largest and in contact with the supraoculars; occipital smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; 7 loreal rows; 8 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage scarcely indicated in the female. Body not compressed. Dorso-lateral scales granular, minute, gradually slightly larger and feebly keeled dorsally, two vertebral rows abruptly enlarged, smaller than ventrals; latter smooth or indistinctly keeled, and subimbricate. The adpressed hind limb reaches between the eye and the nostril; digital dilatations rather narrow; eighteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: slightly compressed, once and a half as long as head and body. Coloration: brown above, with a darker vertebral band; a dark cross band on tibia; lower surfaces brownish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] damulus			TL approx 11.5 cm, SVL 4 cm	Description: head moderate, nearly once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead not concave, with slight, strongly diverging frontal ridges; upper head-scales feebly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, produced forwards as frontal series, separated by 1-2 rows of scales; 14-15 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of smaller scales; occipital as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 4 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; 5 loreal rows; 6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, oval. Gular appendage moderately large gular scales smooth. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales minute, granular, all perfectly equal, there being no vertebral series of enlarged ones; ventral scales larger, hexagonal, subimbricate, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit; digital expansions well developed; 21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: scarcely compressed, with strongly keeled scales, and a series of feebly enlarged scales along the dorsal line; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: above metallic light reddish brown, with minute whitish dots on the sides and limbs; lips varied with darker; a whitish streak from below eye to ear; tail with blackish cross bars near the end ; belly pale golden, gular region faintly greenish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. danieli
A. darlingtoni
A. datzorum		Costa Rica, Panama		Described in 2007.
A. [N.] delafuentei
A. deltae
A. desenchis
A. dissimilis
A. distichus	Bark Anole (also Hispaniolan Gracile Anole)	Hispaniola, Bahamas	5"	Somewhat gecko-like in appearance, the Bark Anole is variable in appearance with an impressive total of 17 subspecies. Overall colour is a mixture of brown and grey with a brown line between the eyes: dewlaps vary between white, pale yellow, orange and red: many have a dark red spot in the centre [Walls]. Description: head rather short, once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges distinct; upper head-scales smooth or a little rugose ; scales of the supraorbital semicircles very large, in contact between the orbits, extending forwards as frontal series; six to eight large, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two rows of granules; occipital much larger than the ear-opening, in contact with the supraorbitals, or separated by 1 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; loreal rows 4; 5 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather small, suboval. Gular appendage rather small, absent in the female; gular scales smooth. Body scarcely compressed, without dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales minute, granular, all equal; ventral scales larger, roundish, juxtaposed or subimbricate, smooth. Limbs moderately long ; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the anterior border of the orbit; digital expansions moderately developed; eighteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: compressed, rather strongly in the male, feebly in the female, with feebly serrated upper edge ; its length not once and a half that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, with more or less distinct darker dots or vermiculations. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. dolichocephalus
A. [N.] dollfusianus
A. [N.] duellmani
A. [N.] dunni	Dunn's Anole	Mexico (Guerrero)
A. eewi
A. equestris**	Knight Anole	Cuba: Florida, Hawaii (introduced)	20" (46 cm TL, SVL 16 cm)	Robust but somewhat aggressive arboreal anole. It is an attractive blue-green colour with fairly distinctive eyes that look as if they have been done in eye-liner. As well as insects it will also eat fruit. It bites hard but does well in captivity when set up properly. Their aggression necessitates a large cage if more than one is to be kept: de Vosjoli recommends a minimum of 55 gallon size for one male and two females. Allen and Neill, 1957, stated that individuals of this species will often mangle other anoles if held in the same bag (eg during collecting - this would apply also to transportation of captive individuals!). Description: Head very large, once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; upper surface slightly concave, covered with irregular, rough, bony tubercles, largest on the snout, and especially on the canthus rostralis; loreal rows four or five (counted in a vertical series in front of the orbit); supraocular scales very small; occipital indistinct; squamosal bone forming a strong tubercular ridge; eye-opening small; ear-opening very small; nine or ten upper labials to below the centre of the eye. Gular appendage very large, extending posteriorly to beyond the thorax, a little smaller in the female; its greater portion perfectly naked. Body strongly compressed, with a small dorso-nuchal crest of triangular erect scales. Dorsal scales large, flat, smooth, suboval, separated by fine granules, slightly larger on the flanks; ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, subhexagonal, imbricate, smooth. Limbs moderately long ; the adpressed hind limb reaches the temple; digital expansions well developed; 44-46 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail strongly compressed, with serrated upper edge, its length nearly twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: bright blue-green above, pale green interiorly: upper surface of head yellow or brown; a whitish band above the fore limb; gular appendage pink. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. ernestwilliamsi
A. etheridgei
A. eugenegrahami
A. eulaemus
A. euskalerriari				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. evermanni
A. [N.] exsul		Panama	?"	Some authorities consider this to be synonymous with A. fortunensis: see Reptile Database entry.
A. extremus
A. fairchildi
A. fasciatus	Banded Anole	Ecuador, Colombia	TL approx 22 cm, SVL approx 6.5 cm	Description: head rather small, once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as the tibia; forehead and interorbital space slightly concave; no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, separated by one or two series of scales; a few enlarged, indistinctly keeled, supraocular scales; occipital indistinct, smaller than the ear-opening; canthus rostralis distinct, canthal scales 5; 5 loreal rows; 7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, oval. Gular appendage very large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax; gular scales smooth. Body compressed, no dorso-nuchal fold. Scales very small, granular, smooth, scarcely larger on the back than on the flanks; ventrals larger, roundish, imbricate, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digital expansions rather narrow; twenty lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: very slightly compressed, without dorsal series of enlarged scales; its length more than twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: purplish-brown above; body with blackish cross bands forming chevrons turned forwards on the sides, these blackish bands enclosing small lighter spots; belly and lower surface of limbs variegated brown and white; gular appendage yellow (?), with series of small black dots. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. ferreus	Marie-Galante Anole	Marie-Galante island (south of Guadaloupe).	14"	Formerly considered a subspecies of A. marmoratus, A. ferreus was raised to full species status in . It has a very restricted range and is furthermore somewhat selective in its choice of habitat, favouring regions with the biggest and tallest trees that are nevertheless not too densely planted [Heselhaus & Schmidt].
A. festae
A. fitchi
A. [N.] forbesi	Forbes' Anole	Mexico.	?"	??].
A. [N.] fortunensis	? Anole	?	?"	??.
A. fowleri
A. fraseri	Fraser's Anole	Ecuador, Colombia	TL 38 cm, SVL 11 cm	Description: head not quite once and two thirds as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, rough, not keeled ; supraorbitals and occipital scarcely enlarged; supraoculars small, smooth; canthus rostralis short, prominent, rather obtuse; 6-7 loreal rows; 8-9 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, oval. Gular appendage large; gular scales minutely granular, obtusely keeled. Body compressed; a distinct dorso-nuchal fold, strongly developed on the nape. Dorsal and lateral scales granular and keeled, the former scarcely larger than the latter; ventral scales small, larger than dorsals, rounded, subimbricate, smooth or obtusely keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear-opening, or not quite so far; digital expansions well developed; 21-22 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: slightly compressed, with slightly prominent upper edge; its length more than twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: Purplish brown above, with three darker broad cross bands on the body; a few black spots on scapular region and on nuchal fold; lower surfaces pale brown, with more or less distinct darker dots; gular appendage yellow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. frenatus
A. fugitivus
A. [N.] fungosus
A. [N.] fuscoauratus			TL approx 12.5 cm, SVL approx 4.5 cm	Description: head rather small, twice as long as broad, a little longer than the tibia ; forehead concave, frontal ridges very short ; upper head-scales very small, feebly keeled ; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, separated by two or three (exceptionally one) series of scales; 8-12 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of granules; occipital larger than the ear- opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis feeble, canthal scales 3-4; loreal rows 5-6; 6-8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, vertically oval. Gular appendage moderately large, indicated in the female; gular scales smooth. Body not or only very slightly compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales very small, granular, slightly enlarged, and distinctly keeled on the vertebral region ; ventral scales small, larger than dorsals, round, juxtaposed, smooth. Limbs slender; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye, or between the latter and the tympanum; digital expansions not much developed; 14-16 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail; slender, roundish, covered with strongly keeled scales, the median dorsal series a little enlarged ; length of the tail once and two thirds to twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: grey-brown or olive above, with metallic green or coppery gloss, with ill-defined darker spots; frequently a light, dark-edged cross band between the eyes; females sometimes with a broad pale coppery vertebral band broadly edged with blackish; lower surfaces whitish, uniform, or more or less closely dotted with brown.
A. [N.] gadovii
A. [N.] garmani*	Jamaican Giant Anole	Jamaica, Cayman Islands: Florida (introduced)	14"	N. garmani is bright green in colour with an orange dewlap with an olive-yellow edge. There is a series of upwards-reaching subtle green bands on the sides.
A. garridoi
A. gemmosus		Ecuador, Colombia	TL approx 21.5 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: head nearly twice as long as broad, a little longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales very small, bi- or tri-carinate; scales of the supraorbital semicircles not enlarged, separated by 4-5 series of scales; supraocular scales small, tricarinate; occipital not enlarged; canthus rostralis short, angular, canthal scales 3; 6 loreal rows; 8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, oval. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, absent in the female. Body slightly compressed in the male; no dorso-nuchal fold. Scales very small, granular, smooth, equal on the back and sides; ventrals very small, larger than dorsals, irregular, subimbricate, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit or a little beyond; digital expansions rather narrow; seventeen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: roundish, covered above with equal keeled scales; its length almost three times that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: purplish above, with black and whitish dots; sides of belly with round light spots; female with a dorsal series of light, black-edged, arrowhead-shaped markings pointing forwards; lower surfaces whitish, chin variegated with brown; gular appendage pale blue. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] gibbiceps	Hook Anole	Guyana, N Venezuela	?"	??.
A. gingivinus		Lesser Antilles (islands of St Martin, St Barthelemy, Anguilla and Sombrero)	5-7" (TL 14 cm, SVL 6 cm)	Formerly considered a subspecies of A. bimaculatus. This anole is rather plain in appearance, being overall brown to brown-grey with faint darker brown markings over the back, sides and legs. A dull white lateral stripe runs from the lips along the body as far as the rear legs. Males have a yellow dewlap with light spots [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. Although in the wild they live in trees and on rocks near the sea, they also do not shun the vicinity of human habitations. See Heselhaus & Schmidt for husbandry details. Description: head large in the male, about once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead and occiput concave in the adult male; two distinct frontal ridges; upper head-scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, extending forwards as frontal series, in contact on a small point medially; 7-9 enlarged, smooth or feebly keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; occipital a little larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by two or three series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales three; loreal rows 4-5; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, vertically suboval. Gular appendage moderately large; gular scales smooth. Body short, not measuring twice the length of the head in the male, compressed; male with a very slight dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales very small, granular, smaller still on the flanks; a double series of enlarged obtusely keeled scales on the vertebral line; ventral scales much larger, nearly as large as the scales on the anterior face of the femur, roundish-hexagonal, imbricate, perfectly smooth. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digital expansions well developed; 18-21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: strongly compressed, covered with unequal-sized scales, forming distinct segments, with a strong unequally serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: greyish or pale buff above, with more or less distinct darker spots or variegations; a light, dark-edged band from axil to groin; lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. gorgonae			SVL approx 7 cm	Description: differs from A. andianus in having 5 rows of loreal scales, no tricarinate supraoculars, and 6 labials to below the centre of the eye. Hind limb longer than in continental species. Ear opening medium and round. Body hardly compressed. Ventrals small but considerably larger than the dorsals and strongly imbricate. Adpressed limb reaches a point halfway between the orbit and the tip of the snout. Digits considerably dilated, 16 lamellae under phalanges II and III of 4^th toe. Tail somewhat compressed, covered with rather large, equal, strongly keeled scales. Coloration: bright purple above, lower surfaces lighter and buffish. Gular appendage large, whitish, with lines and dots of lilac at the base. The under surfaces of the thighs are buff with indistinct wavy bands of pale lilac. [SOURCE: Barbour]
A. [N.] gracilipes	St Vincent Tree Anole	St Vincent (Lesser Antilles)	14"	??.
A. [N.] grahami			TL approx 16.5 cm, SVL approx 6.5 cm	Description: head rather large, once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead very slightly concave, no regular frontal ridges; occiput concave in the male upper head-scales keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles moderately enlarged, separated mesially by 1-2 series of scales; 12-17 enlarged keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by two or three (more rarely one) series of granules; occipital much larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3-5 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; loreal rows 4-5; 7-8 (in one specimen 6) labials to below the centre of the eye; ear opening small, suboval. Gular appendage moderately large, absent or merely indicated in the female ; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body not compressed; a slight nuchal fold in the male, no dorsal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, smooth or obtusely keeled, very slightly enlarged on the vertebral region; ventral scales larger, roundish hexagonal, subimbricate, smooth or feebly keeled. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the posterior border of the orbit; digital expansions well developed; 24-28 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: compressed, more feebly in the female than in the male, with a series of enlarged strongly keeled scales superiorly; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with slightly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: green, purplish, or brownish above, usually with darker reticulation enclosing round light spots; females sometimes with a few angular cross bars on the back, with or without a light vertebral band ; throat with dark reticulation. ]SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] granuliceps
A. greyi				Briefly elevated to species status in 2003, now considered a subspecies of A. sagrei: see Reptile Database entry.
A. griseus*	St Vincent Tree Anole	St Vincent (Lesser Antilles)	14"	A large treetop-dweller characterised by slender body and relatively long legs: colour is an overall grey brown that can turn somewhat olive, with laterally a light stripe and small dark spots, and a short white stripe above the forelimbs. Throat and neck are light yellow and there are irregular black specks on the nape. Both sexes have a grey dewlap with yellow or orange markings [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. It is apparently fairly common in the coastal regions. See Heselhaus & Schmidt for husbandry details.
A. gruuo		Panama
A. [N.] guafe
A. guamuhaya
A. [N.] guazuma
A. gundlachi		Puerto Rico	TL 16.5 cm, SVL 5.5 cm	Description: head, to ear-opening, as long as the tibia; the distance between the eye and the ear-opening slightly less than the length of the snout; two sharp frontal ridges; suprarostral scales polygonal, mostly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles separated by 2-3 rows of smaller scales; 15-17 enlarged keeled supraocular scales; occipital large, a little smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 4-5 rows of scales. Gular appendage of moderate size. Body compressed, with a low vertebral fold beginning on the nape. Dorsal and lateral scales small, granular, a little enlarged, and forming a double keel on the vertebral fold; ventral scales larger, convex, or feebly keeled. Limbs anteriorly with keeled scales; lower and posterior faces of the arm and thigh finely granulate. Tail: strongly compressed, in its basal half with an elevated fin-like crest supported by the much-produced spinous processes. Coloration: greyish green, with small black spots forming three or four irregular cross-bands on the body; a few whitish, dark-edged, roundish spots on the sides; snout and caudal crest blackish green, each scale with a yellowish-green spot; skin of gular appendage blackish, the scales lemon-yellow; lower surfaces greenish yellow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. haetianus
A. [N.] haguei	Hague's Anole	Guatemala
A. hendersoni
A. heterodermus			TL 16 cm, SVL 6.5 c m	Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus or Xiphocercus species. Description: head large, nearly twice as long as broad, nearly twice as long as the tibia; forehead concave, covered with large, irregular, smooth or slightly tectiform shields; shields of the supraorbital semicircles in contact between the orbits, or separated by two rows of scales; parietal and squamosal bones forming slight ridges, with series of enlarged shields; occipital scale much longer than broad, much larger than the ear-opening, in contact with the supraorbital shields or separated by one series of scales; one or two large smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales extremely large, four; nine upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening very small. Gular appendage rather small, with longitudinal series of scales; gular scales smooth; a series of large square shields on each side, close to and much larger than the infralabials. Body strongly compressed, with a slight dorso-nuchal denticulation or crest; dorsal and lateral scales flat, smooth, roundish, widely separated by smaller round scales of irregular size; ventral scales hexagonal or squarish, smooth, strongly imbricate. Limbs rather short; the adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla ; twenty lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of 4^th toe. Tail strongly compressed, with a slight crest or denticulation above, covered with rather large keeled scales, the keels forming straight longitudinal continuous lines; its length does not much exceed that of head and body. Male with strongly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: olive above, some of the larger scales and a band from the loreal region to the fore limb yellowish white; belly pale olive, brown-spotted. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] hobartsmithi
A. [N.] homolechis			SVL approx 4.5 cm	Description: head moderate, nearly once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, with two strong ridges; all the upper head-scales keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles feebly enlarged, separated by 1-2 rows of scales; 11-12 enlarged supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1 row of smaller keeled scales; occipital smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by 3 series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales 2; 5 loreal rows; 5 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large; gular scales small, smooth. Body rather short, feebly compressed, without fold or crest. Dorso-lateral scales very small, granular, those on the vertebral region a little enlarged, hexagonal, keeled; ventral scales large, cycloid, smooth, strongly imbricate. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digital expansions well developed; eighteen lamellae under phalanges ii. and iii. of the fourth toe. Tail: strongly compressed, with a high fin-like crest supported by the spinous processes. No distinctly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brown above, whitish inferiorly. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. huilae
A. [N.] humilis	Humble Anole	Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama	TL 9 cm, SVL approx 3.5 cm	Description: head once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave; frontal ridges feebly marked, short and divergent; all the upper head-scales strongly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles scarcely enlarged, separated by two or three series of scales; a few enlarged supraoculars; occipital hardly distinguishable; canthus rostralis angular; 7-8 loreal rows; 7-9 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage moderately developed; gular scales keeled. Body short, slightly compressed ; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales very large, larger than ventrals, hexagonal, subimbricate, strongly keeled, forming about ten longitudinal series; lateral scales small, subgranular, keeled; ventrals roundish-rhomboidal, imbricate, strongly keeled, the keels not forming continuous lines. The adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit, or between the latter nd the nostril; digits very slightly dilated; 13-14 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: slightly compressed, a little longer than head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, females sometimes with a broad, yellow, dark-edged vertebral band; lower surfaces whitish; a small purplish spot on each side of the throat in the male. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] ibague
A. ibanezi		Costa Rica, W Panama
A. [N.] imias
A. impetigosus			TL approx 10.5 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	Description: head nearly twice as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; a deep rhomboidal frontal concavity; no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially; 3 large, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by a series of granules, occipital larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 series of scales; canthus rostralis indistinct; 2 loreal rows; 7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, roundish-subtriangular. Female with a large, folded, inflatable gular pouch; gular scales smooth; a series of very large chin-shields on each side. Body not compressed. Scales all flat and granular, small and equal on the back and sides, larger on the belly. Limbs very short; the adpressed hind limb reaches hardly the shoulder; digital expansions well developed; 18 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: cylindrical, a little longer than head and body, without a dorsal series of enlarged scales. Coloration: pale brown above, with small, indistinct darker spots; lower surfaces white, gular pouch with large black spots. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. incredulus
A. inderenae				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. inexpectatus
A. insignis		Costa Rica, Panama	TL 41.5 cm, SVL approx 15.5 cm	Description: head nearly once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, not keeled; supraorbitals and occipital scarcely enlarged; supraoculars small, smooth; canthus rostralis distinct; 5 loreal rows; 7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye ear-opening moderate, oval. Gular appendage large; gular scales granular, smooth. Body compressed; a distinct nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales very small, juxtaposed, flat, and perfectly smooth, those on the vertebral line slightly enlarged; ventral scales larger, small, rounded, subimbricate, flat, and perfectly smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the neck ; digital expansions well developed; 27 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: compressed, without upper ridge, nearly twice as long as head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, with a black network forming four broad bands across the body; neck with dark lines ; a large black-edged ocellus in front of the shoulder; tail with regular broad blackish annuli limbs with blackish cross bars; lower surfaces brownish white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. insolitus
A. [N.] intermedius
A. isolepis		Cuba	SVL approx 4 cm	Description: head large, nearly twice as long as broad, mucli longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave; frontal ridges distinct, short; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, separated medially by one series of scales; only two or three large, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of granules; occipital larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, projecting, canthal scales 5; 4 loreal rows; 7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, roundish-subtriangular. Gular appendage rather small; gular scales smooth. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales equal in size, minute, granular, smooth; ventrals larger, roundish, flat, juxtaposed, smooth. Limbs very short; the adpressed hind limb reaches the neck; digital expansions well developed; 18 lamellae under phalanges ii. and in. of the fourth toe. Tail: cylindrical, with a dorsal series of slightly enlarged flat scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: whitish olive above, with irregular brown markings; upper surface of head obscured by brown marblings; lower surfaces whitish, with scattered brown dots on the throat. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] isthmicus
A. jacare
A. [N.] johnmeyeri
A. juangundlachi
A. [N.] jubar
A. [N.] kemptoni
A. koopmani
A. [N.] kreutzi
A. krugi			TL 17 cm, SVL approx 6.5 cm	Description: head longer than the tibia, the snout resembling that of A. cristatellus; supraorbital semicircles nearly entirely separated by one series of scales medially, produced forwards as frontal series bearing two ridges; 4-6 enlarged, keeled, supraocular scales; occipital larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; loreal rows 5. A dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales granular, except 4 median series along the vertebral line which are enlarged and distinctly keeled ventrals strongly keeled. Tail more than twice as long as head and body, with a dorsal series of enlarged hexagonal keeled scales. Coloration: olive-green, back and sides dotted and vermiculated with black; nape with whitish dots; a lateral yellow band; belly greenish yellow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. kunayalae		Panama
A. laevis		E Peru	TL approx 14 cm	As of 2022, known only from the type specimen: see Reptile Database entry. Description: rostral plate produced into a flexible appendage; a shallow frontal concavity; lateral occipital crests prominent; upper headscales large and smooth, only 3 rows between those of the canthus rostralis at the middle; supraorbital semicircles in contact along the entire median line and with the occipital, which is large; 2 loreal rows; ear-opening small; a series of large chin-shields in contact with the lower labials throughout. Scales of the body smooth, of nearly equal size; those of the tail larger, the median superior series not different from the others. Limbs short, the adpressed hind limb falling considerably short of the axilla; digital expansions rather narrow. Coloration: colour above dark grey, below pigmented white; the two colours are abruptly defined below the orbit and the scapula, and there are brown spots behind the axilla; tail distantly annulate. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] laeviventris		Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras	TL 11 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	Description: head longer than the tibia; forehead concave; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, separated by a series of small scales; 7-9 smooth enlarged supraocular scales, arranged in 2-3 longitudinal rows and separated from the supraorbitals by a series of granules; occipital larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3 series of scales; 8 upper labials; ear-opening rather small, suboval. Gular appendage well developed. Dorsal scales rhomboidal, imbricate, distinctly keeled, the 4 median series a little larger; lateral scales granular; ventrals rhomboidal, feebly keeled, larger than dorsals. Limbs moderate. Tail: slightly compressed, feebly keeled. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: greyish yellow above, with small brown spots on the median line of the back and on the limbs; lower surfaces yellowish white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. lamari
A. latifrons		Panama, Colombia	TL 40 cm, SVL approx 11.5 cm	Description: head as in A. squamulatus [= head nearly twice as long as broad; forehead and interorbital space concave; no frontal ridges; a large rhomboidal occipital concavity; upper head-scales very small, keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles scarcely enlarged, separated by 5-6 series of scales; slightly enlarged, strongly keeled supraocular scales; occipital very small, much smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by six series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp; 9 loreal rows in the middle; 11-12 upper labials; ear-opening rather large, oval.] but all the scales smooth. Gular appendage very large. A nuchal fold. All the scales on the body equal, small, smooth, imbricate, the ventrals not larger than the others. Coloration: olive-green, dotted and spotted all over with black; a quadrangular large black spot in front of the shoulder; a yellowish-white cross band between the eyes. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. leachii		Antigua and Barbuda: introduced to Bermuda	TL approx 29 cm, SVL approx 11 cm	Description: head moderate, once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; cheeks strongly swollen in the full-grown male; forehead and occiput concave in the adult male, the former with two distinct ridges; upper head-scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact between the orbits, or separated by one row of scales, these enlarged scales extending forwards as frontal series; 5-12 enlarged, smooth or feebly keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; occipital as large as or a little smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by 1-2 series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales 3-4; loreal rows 4-6; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, vertically suboval. Gular appendage rather small, absent in the female; gular scales smooth or obtusely keeled. Body compressed in the male, with a dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, obtusely keeled, somewhat smaller still on the flanks; a more or less marked double series of enlarged scales on the dorso-nuchal fold, forming a rather strong denticulation on the nape in the adult male; ventral scales larger than dorsals, much smaller than antefemorals, hexagonal, imbricate, smooth or feebly keeled. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the posterior border of the orbit; digital expansions well developed; 23-32 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: compressed, strongly in the male, covered with unequal-sized keeled scales forming more or less distinct segments; a caudal crest is scarcely indicated by a slight denticulation in the female; in the half-grown male it is represented by a strong unequally-serrated ridge, and in the full-grown male it assumes a fin-like appearance, being supported by the much produced neural spines; length of the tail not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish or bluish grey above, uniform or spotted, or vermiculated with black; frequently a dark band, edged with white anteriorly, on each side of the head, extending to beyond the insertion of the fore limb; sometimes a series of black ocelli with white centre on the side of the back; full-grown male uniform dark-brown above; lower surfaces whitish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] lemniscatus
A. [N.] lemurinus	Ghost Anole	Mexico through Central America to Colombia	TL approx 7 cm	Description: size small. Head short, broad, front concave, eyes very large; upper head-scales keeled; supraorbital semicircles in contact medially or separated by one row of very small scales; supraocular scales 15-20, more or less keeled, separated from the supraorbitals by small scales; occipital small, elliptic, separated from the supraorbitals by two series of scales; frontal ridges obsolete; canthus rostralis very short; 6 loreal rows; 6-7 upper labials. Gular appendage small. A weak nuchal fold. Inferior lateral scales smaller than dorsal, the latter, with the superior lateral and ventral, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the posterior or the anterior border of the orbit. Tail: entirely cylindrical, covered with strongly keeled scales, about twice the length of head and body. Coloration: leek-green, tinged with brown anteriorly; a brown band between the eyes; a cresoentic brown band upon the occiput, angularly bordered with black anteriorly, and having a median longitudinal black spot; a similar small black spot upon the nape at the confluence of two oblique pale brown bands, one from each orbit, often paler-bordered inferiorly ; the pale border sometimes extending to near the groin as a narrow longitudinal band; a third small black spot upon the interscapular region; 3-4 large brown spots upon the posterior part of the dorsal region ; sides and labial region varied with brown; extremities and digits obliquely banded with the same; belly immaculate, the reflections golden and green. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] limifrons
A. [N.] lineatopus	Stripefoot Anole	Jamaica	TL approx 19.5 cm, SVL approx 7 cm	Description: head moderate, once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, with strong frontal ridges; occiput concave in the male; upper head-scales keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, separated medially by 1-2 series of scales; 9-16 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, in contact with the supraorbitals or separated by one row of granules; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3-5 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3-4; loreal rows 5-7; 6-8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, suboval. Gular appendage large, extending backwards beyond the thorax, scarcely indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Body rather short, compressed; male with a slight dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, keeled, smallest on the flanks, distinctly enlarged on the vertebral region; ventral scales larger, subhexagonal, slightly imbricate, distinctly keeled. Limbs moderate; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or between the latter and the nostril; digital expansions moderately developed; 18-21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: compressed, with very slightly serrated upper edge, its length not twice that of head and body. Male with slightly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, with darker markings or reticulations, and with lighter spots confluent into more or less regular transverse bands on the back and limbs; female with five light longitudinal hands, the widest and most distinct extending from the shoulder to the hind limb; lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] lineatus	Striped Anole		TL approx 20 cm; SVL approx 7 cm	Description: head moderate, once and two thirds as long as broad, slightly longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, with distinct frontal ridges; upper head-scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially, produced forwards as frontal series; 7 enlarged, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; loreal rows 3-4; 7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather small, oval, oblique. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax; gular scales feebly keeled. Body compressed; a slight dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, rhomboidal, juxtaposed, feebly keeled ; lateral scales smaller, granular; ventral scales larger than dorsals, hexagonal, feebly imbricate, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digits moderately dilated; 21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: strongly compressed, with feebly serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: sandy-grey above, with indistinct lighter spots forming irregular vortical bars on the sides; a white, black-edged band along each side, from limb to limb; lower surfaces white; a large black spot on the gular appendage. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] liogaster
A. [N.] lionotus	Lion Anole	Panama	?	Description: Head short, broad ; frontal ridges almost obsolete, enclosing an ovoid concavity; interorbital space concave ; upper head-scales small, smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles separated medially by a series of very small scales; 3-4 supraoculars of large size, surrounded by several smaller scales, some of them weakly keeled; occipital elongate-oval, not in contact with the supraorbitals: canthus rostralis short; 8 loreal rows; 8 superior labials. Gular appendage moderate. Scales of the sides small, not keeled; of the belly larger, smooth; of the back still larger, in about 12 rows, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the nostril; digital expansions narrow. Tail: compressed, the median superior scales flat, offering no rudiment of a crest. Coloration: general colour above bronze-brown, with a few darker shades on the dorsal region; tail and hinder extremities paler, femora light spotted behind ; a light band extends from the angle of the mouth to the middle of the side; beneath it there are brown vermiculations, which become darker near the groin; lips dark; belly immaculate. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. litoralis		E Cuba		Formerly considered a subspecies of A. centralis: see Reptile Database entry.
A. lividus
A. longicauda
A. longiceps
A. longitibialis
A. [N.] loveridgei
A. loysiana			TL approx 7.5 cm, SVL approx 3.5 cm	Description: head nearly twice as long as broad in the male, shorter in the female, much longer than the tibia forehead concave, frontal ridges indistinct; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially; 3-4 large, smooth supraocular scales, in a single longitudinal series, separated from the supraorbitals by granules; occipital larger than the ear opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp; 6 upper labials; ear-opening small, roundish. Gular appendage small; gular scales smooth. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales small, granular, intermixed with scattered enlarged ones, which in the male are conical; ventral scales small, larger than dorsals, roundish, smooth, subimbricate. The adpressed hind limb reaches the neck; digital expansions well developed. Tail: cylindrical, a little longer than head and body, with a dorsal series of enlarged flat scales. Coloration: greenish or brownish-white above, with a series of brown spots on each side; a dark temporal band; lower surfaces white.
A. luciae	?	St Lucia	9"	A. luciae is another lizard that seems to have taken advantage of civilisation, being found in high numbers in trees and bushes in and around villages and hotel gardens [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. However, they are much less common in the south-central part of the island. Owing to their strong colour-changing abilities, specimens may appear an overall colour of yellow, brown/grey, black or dark green, although females tend to be light brown with a pattern of dark spots and stripes [ibid]. The legs may be tinged with blue, while the dewlaps are grey-white with a thin black margin and sometimes small black spots. Heselhaus & Schmidt recommend these anoles as not particularly difficult to breed if set up correctly.
A. lucius			TL approx 14.5 cm, SVL 4.5 cm	An anole that somewhat resembles a gecko, both morphologically and behaviourally [Allen and Neill, 1957]. The latter authors found the species to be abundant in two bat caves, some also being found outside in full sunlight. Overall it appears to be confined to limestone outcrops. When grasped they often squeak. In appearance A. lucius has a short snout, a head broad at the temples and large eyes, resembling in these characteristics geckos such as Gymnodactylus and Hemidactylus. However it also has typically anoline characteristics such as a large head fan, long limbs and slender, vertically compressed tail, sometimes keeled above. Description: Head moderate in the male, smaller and with much more elongate snout in the female; in the former the width of the head is contained once and two thirds to once and three fourths in the length, in the latter it is contained at least twice; in both sexes the length of the head slightly exceeds that of the tibia; snout much depressed, forehead slightly concave; no frontal ridges; upper head scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially; 6-10 enlarged, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of granules; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of scales ; canthus rostralis rather obtuse, canthal scales 4-5; loreal rows 5; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, suboval. Gular appendage rather small, not developed in the female; gular scales smooth. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales very small, granular, smooth, uniform in size; ventral scales larger, subhexagonal, not or but slightly imbricate, smooth. Limbs elongate and slender; the hind Umb reaches the front border of the orbit in the male, between the latter point and the end of the snout in the female; digital expansions well developed; 21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: very slightly compressed, nearly twice as long as head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale grey above, variegated with brown; a light streak from the eye to the tympanum, and another above the temple; four more or less distinct brown chevron-shaped markings across the back; limbs with brown cross bars; lower surfaces whitish; the throat with brown longitudinal lines or reticulations in the female. Reproduction: eggs are laid singly or in groups of 2-3, attached to cave walls and crannies. [SOURCE: Allen and Neil 1957, Boulenger].
A. luteogularis	Western Giant Anole	Cuba, Isla de Juventud.	22"	One of the "giant" anoles, first named in 1935. This is a darkish green anole with yellow spotting and beige dewlap [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. The photo in de Vosjoli's book would seem to indicate that the spotting is in fact a pale, almost beige colour, although it is more yellow on the head.
A. luteosignifer
A. [N.] lynchi
A. lyra		NW Ecuador, C Colombia		Described in 2009: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. macilentus
A. [N.] macrinii
A. maculigula
A. magnaphallus		W Panama
A. marcanoi
A. [N.] macrolepis
A. [N.] macrophallus
A. [N.] maculiventris
A. [N.] mariarum
A. marmoratus		Lesser Antilles		See Reptile Database entry for information on the subspecies.
A. m. marmoratus
A. m. alliaceus
A. m. caryae
A. m. girafus
A. m. inornatus
A. m. setosus
A. m. speciosus
A. marron
A. [N.] matudai
A. maynardi
A. [N.] medemi
A. megalopithecus
A. [N.] megapholidotus
A. menta
A. [N.] meridionalis
A. [N.] mestrei
A. [N.] microlepidotus
A. [N.] microlepis
A. microtus		Costa Rica, Panama	TL approx 34 cm, SVL approx 11.5 cm	Description: head once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, with a slight median ridge; upper head-scales moderately large, not keeled; supraorbital semicircles separated by two series of scales; occipital indistinct; canthus rostralis distinct, canthal scales three; loreal rows four; seven or eight upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small or very small, suboval. Gular appendage large, present in the female; gular scales granular, smooth. Body compressed; a strong nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales small, scarcely larger than ventrals, juxtaposed, flat, smooth or rugose; ventral scales smooth, roundish, subimbrieate. Scales on upper surface of limbs pluricarinate. The adpressed hind limb reaches the neck; digital expansions well developed; twenty lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: feebly compressed, without upper ridge, nearly twice as long as head and body. Male with slightly enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, uniform or with yellow spots confluent into oblique vertical bands on the sides of the body. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] milleri
A. mirus
A. monensis
A. monteverde		Costa Rica		Described in 2009: based partly on A. [N.] altae. See Reptile Database entry for details.
A. monticola
A. morazani		Honduras		Described in 2009: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. [N.] muralla
A. nasofrontalis
A. neblininus				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. [N.] nebuloides	False Clouded Anole	Mexico		Description: very closely allied to A. nebulosus, from which it differs only in the following points : scales on the snout feebly tricarinate; supraorbital semicircles usually separated by one series of scales; ear-opening larger, its vertical diameter nearly equalling the length of the occipital; dorsal scales larger, nearly as large as the ventrals. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] nebulosus	Clouded Anole	Mexico (Sinaloa)	TL approx 15.5 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	It is an attractive blue-grey colour. De Vosjoli has a picture. Description: Head about once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges distinct, short, divergent; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially, produced forwards as frontal series; 3-4 large, smooth, transverse supraocular scales forming a single longitudinal series, separated from the supraorbitals by a row of granules; occipital much larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3-4; 4-5 loreal rows; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, small in the female; gular scales keeled. Body not or only slightly compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales oval, subrhomboidal, subimbricate, keeled, a little smaller than the ventrals, passing gradually into the laterals, which are minutely granular; ventrals rhomboidal, imbricate, strongly keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the posterior border of the orbit, or nearly that point; digital expansions moderate; 13-16 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: cylindrical, not twice as long as head and body, covered with equal strongly keeled scales. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish above, with dark brown spots, sometimes arranged in a double longitudinal series on the back, or forming angular cross bars with the angle pointing backwards; a more or less distinct dark streak from the eye to the nape; sometimes black lines radiating from the eye; limbs with dark cross bands; lower surfaces whitish; gular appendage grey or brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. nelsoni
A. nicefori				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. nigrolineatus
A. nigropunctatus
A. [N.] nitens
A. noblei
A. [N.] notopholis
A. nubilis
A. occultus
A. [N.] ocelloscapularis
A. oculatus
A. oligaspis
A. olssoni
A. [N.] ophiolepis		Cuba, Isla de la Juventud	SVL approx. 2.5 cm	Distinguished from A. auratus chiefly by larger scales on forehead, occipital not being larger than the ear-opening. Dorsal scales in 18 longitudinal series. Digits slightly dilated. Tail less than twice the SVL. Coloration: "Under surfaces yellowish, unspotted. Above, the ground colour is golden olivaceous in the males, in the female golden brown. There is a light median dorsal line extending to the sacral region; another similar one extends from the superior posterior part of the orbit upon the anterior part of the tail, and a third from the posterior superior labials, through the tympanic orifice, upon the base of the tail. The superior lateral band is bordered above by a deep brown band." [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. oporinus
A. [N.] omiltemanus
A. [N.] onca	?	Venezuela (Isla Margarita and Morro Fondeadero), Columbia (La Guajira peninsula)	10"	This species differs from other anoles in having no adhesive lamallae on its toes but has keeled scales instead. For this reason it was once placed in a separate, monotypic genus, Tropiodactylus. [Fläschendräger]. It is a ground dweller but will climb into bushes. Description: head about once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; snout acuminate, canthus rostralis very short ; upper head scales subequal, pluricarinate; occipital slightly enlarged, not larger than the ear-opening; eleven or twelve labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening vertically elliptic. Gular appendage very large; gular scales keeled. Dorsal scales subhexagonal, subimbricate, strongly keeled, not quite as large as ventrals, much larger than laterals; ventrals rhomboidal, imbricate, strongly keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the posterior border of the orbit. Tail: not twice as long as head and body, covered with subequal keeled scales. Coloration: yellowish brown above, spotted or marbled with dark brown; a series of more or less defined dark rhomboidal spots with lighter centre along each side of the back; a dark cross band between the eyes; the skin of the gular appendage blackish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] opalinus
A. [N.] ophiolepis
A. oporinus	Pimienta Green Anole	E Cuba
A. orcesi				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. [N.] ortonii		Central and South America [Boulenger]	TL approx 13.5 cm, SVL 5 cm	Description: head moderate, once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, in contact medially, or separated by one series of scales; 6-10 enlarged, smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by 1 series of granules; occipital much larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two series of scales; canthus rostralis feebly marked, canthal scales 4-5; 4-5 loreal rows; 6-8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval. Gular appendage large, with rows of widely distant scales, indicated in the female; gular scales smooth. Body not or but slightly compressed; no dorso-nuohal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales very small, granular, scarcely larger on the vertebral region; ventral scales larger, small, round, juxtaposed, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear or slightly beyond; digital expansions moderate; 18 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: slightly compressed, covered with strongly keeled scales, in the male with a very slightly serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brown or grey above, with coppery or greenish metallic gloss, with rather ill-defined darker spots or variegations, sometimes forming chevron-shaped marks on the back, the most distinct of which is on the sacrum; lips spotted; throat sometimes black; belly whitish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. osa		Costa Rica		Described in 2010: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. otongae		Ecuador		Described in 2010: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. [N.] oxylophus		Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama	TL approx 21.5 cm, SVL 9.5 cm	Description: resembles A. poecilopus, except in the following points: frontal ridges, much more prominent; canthus rostralis distinct to near the nostril; occipital bounded laterally and in front by a number of scuta of the same size and form; 13 superior labials. Dorsal scales about equal to the ventrals. The adpressed hind limb reaches the middle of the orbit. Coloration: dark brown, the limbs and feet with pale cross bands; a distinct whitish band extends from the scapular region to near the groin; abdomen yellowish, with a broad brown border on each side. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] pachypus	Thick Anole	Costa Rica, Panama	TL 13.5 cm	Description: head once and a half as long as broad, as long as the tibia forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles not enlarged, separated by 5 series of scales; a single row of 4 small keeled supraoculars near the supraorbital border; 4 rows of scales between the supraorbitals and the occipital; 6 canthal scales, continued on the edge of the eyebrow to near its middle in a manner unusual in the anoles; 8 loreal rows; ear-opening larger than occipital. Gular appendage well developed. Scales of the abdomen smooth, those of the sides very small, on the back gradually enlarging to two or three larger and faintly keeled rows on the median line, which are much smaller than the ventrals. Limbs stout and clumsy; the adpressed hind limb reaches the end of the snout; digits feebly dilated. Tail: slender, cylindrical, with equal scales. Coloration: emerald-green, with a broad brown band from the orbit to the middle of the side, and a narrower one on each side of the sacrum; a dark brown cross band between the supraciliary borders; a deep brown spot behind the occiput, and a smaller one on the nape; femur with a longitudinal black band behind, and an oblique one across the superior face; tibia and forearm with a broad cross band. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. palmeri
A. [N.] pandoensis
A. paravertebralis
A. parilis
A. [N.] parvicirculatus
A. paternus
A. [N.] pentaprion	Lichen Anole	S Nicaragua, Cost Rica, Panama, Colombia	TL 17 cm, SVL 7.5 cm	Description: head nearly once and two thirds as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, rough; supraorbitals and occipital scarcely enlarged; supraoculars small, smooth; canthus rostralis obtuse; 3 loreal rows; 8 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, suboval. Gular appendage large; gular scales minutely granular. Body not compressed; a slight nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales uniformly granular; ventrals a little larger, also granular and smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the neck; digital expansions well developed; 22 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: little longer than head and body, compressed, subtriangular in section, the vertebral angle trenchant, serrate; four basal angles formed by the continued keels of as many series of large scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: reddish-brown above, marbled with blackish; lower surfaces whitish, with brown variegations. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. peraccae
A. [N.] petersii		Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras	TL approx 30 cm, SVL approx 9 cm	Description: head once and a half or once and three-fifths as long as broad, considerably longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales small, rugulose or slightly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles a little enlarged, separated by 1-2 series of scales; supraocular scales small, feebly keeled; occipital very small; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 5; 6-7 loreal series; 9-11 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval. Gular appendage moderate; gular scales granular, obtusely keeled. Body compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales equal, small, granular, keeled; ventrals larger, small, subquadrilateral, imbricate, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear-opening or slightly beyond; digital expansions well developed; 27 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. Tail: roundish, with a vertebral series of enlarged scales, but no prominent ridge; its length more than twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish or pale olive above, with dark-brown or reddish-brown marblings; 4 more or less distinct dark cross-bands on the body – the anterior, on the scapula, and the posterior, on the sacrum, best defined; a dark band from the eye to above the tympanum; lips with dark vertical bars; lower surfaces greenish-white, dotted with brown; throat with dark-brown marblings. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. philopunctatus
A. phyllorhinus
A. pigmaequestris
A. [N.] pijolense
A. [N.] pinchoti
A. placidus
A. podocarpus		Ecuador		Described in 2010: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. [N.] poecilopus	Dappled Anole	Panama, Colombia	TL approx 18.5 cm, SVL approx 7 cm	Description: head broad, muzzle full, rather prominent ; frontal ridges slightly developed, bounding a rather deep concavity; upper head-scales minute, subgranular, rugulose; supraorbital semicircles separated by granules; supraoculars small, keeled ; occipital minute or wanting; canthus rostralis weakly pronounced, soon obsolete; 9-10 loreal series; 9 superior labials nine; auricular orifice small, vertical. Gular appendage large. No dorsal or nuchal fold. Abdominal scales small, ovate, keeled; lateral minute, gradually merging into the dorsal, which are larger, fiat, keeled, and in numerous rows. The adpressed hind limb reaches the end of the snout; digital expansions narrow. Tail: compressed, cylindrical, its scales keeled, the median row largest. Coloration: general colour above brown ; the extremities and digits with numerous light cross bands; sides darker, with numerous longitudinal light lines, one commencing above the axilla most distinct; light vertical bands ascend from this to a superior obsolete longitudinal band; in female specimens dark chevron-shaped spots cross the back; beneath pale yellowish.
A. pogus
A. [N.] polylepis				Description: near A. schiedei and A. limifrons. Supraorbital semicircles separated by 3-4 series of scales; 9 loreal rows. Median dorsal scales keeled, smaller than the ventrals, and a little larger than the granular laterals; ventrals smooth. Tail: compressed, especially in the male, with a vertebral series of enlarged scales. Otherwise as in A. schiedii. Coloration: a brown band between the eyes; females with a light festooned vertebral band, widening from the scapular region and extending to the eyes; males with a light nuchal marking and small dorsal spots or transverse markings. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] polyrhachis
A. poncensis
A. porcatus*	Cuban Green Anole	Cuba, Hispaniola, Dominican Republic: Florida, Hawaii (introduced).	10"	This is another anole that has recently settled into Florida from its original habitat. To complicate matters, it closely resembles the native Green Anole, A. carolinensis, and is apparently closely related.
A. porcus
A. princeps
A. proboscis	Ecuadorian Leaf-Nosed Anole	Ecuador	SVL 7½cm (exc. appdg); TL 17cm (exc. appdg)	Notably distinguished by elongated fleshy appendage, about as long as the head, with a distinct downward curve. A. phyllorhinus has a similar appendage, but scalation counts are different. In 1956 Peters and Orcés-V reported that this species was rare and they were unable to find more than one individual. Scalation: rostral has serrated edge; 10-11 supralabials; 9-10 infralabials; median dorsal row of scales which forms serrated dorsal crest of about 85 spines. Other: body slightly compressed. Coloration (in preservative): overall gun-metal blue with irregular parallel horizontal black streaks along vertebral margin; these lines form an approximate pair of lateral bands between the limbs; dark brownish-black spot at shoulder; limbs and lateral surfaces spotted with light yellowish-white; limbs vaguely barred with darker blue; light spot over ear opening; ventral surfaces mostly lighter with vague reddish tints on chest and chin; belly stippled with light spots; limbs ventrally spotted with white proximally that becomes totally white on foot; tail alternately barred with dorsal coloration and blackish bands [SOURCE: Peters & Orcés-V]
A. propinquus
A. pseudokemptoni		Panama		Described in 2007: see Reptile Database entry for details.
A. pseudopachypus		Panama		Described in 2007.
A. pseudotigrinus
A. pulchellus		Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands	TL 16.5 cm, SVL 5 cm	Description: head rather large, twice as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, with two slightly diverging frontal ridges; upper head-seales faintly keeled or striated; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, extending forwards as frontal series, in contact between the orbits or separated by one series of scales; 5-10 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two series of granules; occipital a little larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-4 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3-4; 4-5 loreal rows; 5-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather small, roundish-subtriangular. Gular appendage moderately large, with widely separated scales; gular scales keeled. Body compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales nearly as large as ventrals, rhomboidal, imbricate, keeled; lateral scales very small, granular; ventral scales rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, keeled. Limbs moderate; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye or the posterior border of the orbit; digits rather feebly dilated; 18-19 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: strongly compressed, with sharp, not distinctly serrated upper edge, its length more than twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale grey-brown above; a white band on the upper lip, extending along each side of the neck and body, bordered above with blackish to the origin of the fore limb; usually 2 series of white, black-edged ocelli along each side of the body; limbs with more or less distinct dark cross bars; lower surfaces pure white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. pumilus
A. punctatus	Spotted Anole	Brazil (Amazon), E Venezuela, French Guyana, Surinam, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia	TL approx 26 cm, SVL approx 7 cm	Males can be distinguished from other species by a hump or knob on the tip of the snout. Overall colour varies from bright green to purplish, with several rows of spots of a various shade of blue across the back and sides. Both sexes have a yellow or orange dewlap, the male's usually being larger. These anoles are somewhat unusual in their behaviour, preferring shade to basking and being solitary rather than pairing. The females lay two eggs per clutch. There are two subspecies, the nominate and A. p. boulengeri. For a picture of A. punctatus, click here. Description: head once and three fourths to twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; end of snout truncate in the female, pointed, compressed, and projecting in the male; forehead and interorbital space concave; no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact or separated by 1-2 series of scales; a few slightly enlarged, more or less distinctly keeled, supraocular scales; occipital as large as or a little larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostalis sharp, canthal scales 4; 4-6 loreal rows; 7-9 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderately large, suboval. Gular appendage well developed in the male, very small in the female; gular scales smooth or obtusely keeled. Body compressed in the male, with a slight dorso-nuchal fold. Scales small, granular, smooth, scarcely larger on the back than on the sides; ventrals larger, roundish, subimbricate, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches the posterior border of the tympanum or between the latter and the ear-opening; digital expansions well developed; 26-28 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^thtoe. Tail feebly compressed, without dorsal series of enlarged scales; its length about twice that of head and body. Male with or without enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: purplish above, with scattered round white dots; female sometimes with a vertebral series of elongate lighter spots; lower surfaces greenish- or purplish-white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. p. boulengeri			TL approx 26 cm, SVL approx 7 cm	Differs from nominate subspecies in its distinctly keeled ventral scales [Boulenger]. See Reptile Database entry for further discussion.
A. purpurescens
A. [N.] purpurgularis
A. [N.] pygmaeus
A. [N.] quadriocellifer
A. quaggulus		Nicaragua, Cost Rica, Honduras	SVL approx 3 cm	See Reptile Database entry for details. Description: closely allied to A. humilis. 7 rows of truncate and keeled dorsal scales, much larger than the ventrals. Coloration: general colour golden green; a series of blackish chevrons on the back, with the angle directed posteriorly, and with the lateral branches thickened anteriorly; from the apex of each branch a delicate blackish line descends vertically, stopping on the side below its middle, thus dividing the side into vertical areas. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] quercorum
A. radulinus
A. [N.] reconditus
A. rejectus
A. [N.] rhombifer
A. richardii			TL approx 39 cm, SVL approx 12 cm	Description: head moderate, once and a half as long as broad, as long as the tibia; forehead and occiput deeply concave in the adult male, frontal ridges distinct, diverging ; upper head-scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, separated by one or two series of scales (exceptionally in contact); eight to sixteen enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two series of granules; occipital a little larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by one or two series of scales; canthus rostralis distinct, canthal scales three or four; loreal rows five; five or six labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large, smaller but well developed in the female; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body compressed; a dorso-nuchal fold, in the adult with a small denticulation formed by a double series of enlarged conical scales. Dorsal scales small, oval, keeled, smallest on the flanks, distinctly enlarged on the dorsal fold; ventral scales nearly as large as the vertebrata, roundish-hexagonal, feebly imbricate, keeled. Limbs long; the adpressed hind limb reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout; digital expansions well developed; 23-25 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: strongly compressed, with serrated upper edge; its length nearly twice that of head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish or purplish above, uniform or with darker transverse bars on the back; frequently a white spot on the upper lip, below the eye; lower surfaces greenish white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. ricordii	Haitian Giant Anole	Haiti, W Dominican Republic	18" (TL approx 41.5 cm, 14.5 cm)	A true giant among anoles, yielding only to the Knight Anole A. equestris in size. A. ricordii is otherwise unremarkable in appearance, being an overall green with some light spotting and a small crest. They are arboreal and somewhat aggressive. Click here for a caresheet. Description: Head large, once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, much longer than the tibia ; forehead slightly concave, a deeper concavity behind the interorbital region; anterior part of head covered with large, irregular, rough, bony tubercles; scales of the supraorbital semicircles also rough and tubercular, separated by three longitudinal rows of small tubercles; supraocular scales small, the larger ones keeled; occipital indistinct; canthus rostralis prominent, canthal scales four, tubercular; loreal rows 6-7; 10 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, vertically oval. Gular appendage very large in-both sexes, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, entirely covered with granules; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body strongly compressed, with a crest of small erect spines, highest on the nape; this crest more developed in the male than in the female; dorsal and lateral scales small, roundish or oval, keeled, juxtaposed or separated by minute granules; ventral scales slightly smaller, smooth or obtusely keeled, subimbricate. Limbs moderately elongate; the adpressed hind limb reaches the temple or the eye; digital expansions well developed; thirty to thirty-two lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of 4^th toe. Tail strongly compressed, with feebly serrated upper edge, in the adult male with a high fin-like crest on its anterior half, supported by the much produced neural spines; the length of the tail equals nearly twice that of bhead and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: Brown or bluish above, with more or less distinct bluish-white transverse bands, most regular on the limbs; head above yellowish brown; belly white, uniform or brown spotted; gular appendage yellow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. rimarum
A. [N.] rivalis
A. [N.] roatanensis
A. [N.] rodriguezi
A. roosevelti	Culebra Island Giant Anole	Isla Culebra, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands	6½"	Large arboreal brownish-grey anole with two lateral lines running from ear and shoulder to the vent and distinct light spot on the head. See the excellent article by Buchholz & Hurt, to whom this entry is indebted. In addition to the normal insect fare, this anole also apparently feeds on the fruit of the fig tree. Wild populations are under pressure from deforestation and chemical spraying [Buchholz & Hurt] and is listed as a Red Book species by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
A. roquet	Martinique Anole	Lesser Antilles (Martinique )	TL 20 cm, SVL 8 cm	A very attractive anole, overall green in colour but some specimens having blue-grey bodies with yellow spots. The dewlap is grey to orange, usually with lighter specks of white or yellow. [Walls] There are at least two subspecies, the nominate and A. r. suma. Description: head moderate, once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; snout rather strongly depressed, forehead concave; no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles strongly dilated, in contact with each other and with the occipital, which is larger than the ear-opening; 6-10 enlarged, smooth or indistinctly keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; canthus rostralis sharp in front of the eye, otherwise rather obtuse; canthal scales 4-5; loreal rows 4-5; 5-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; eye-opening moderately large, vertically suboval. Gular appendage rather large, not developed in the female; gular scales smooth. Body compressed, in the male with a feeble dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, granular, keeled, larger and more distinctly keeled on the vertebral region; ventral scales larger than dorsals, roundish hexagonal, feebly imbricate, smooth or indistinctly keeled. Limbs moderately long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the temple or the posterior border of the orbit; digital expansions well developed; 22-26 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: compressed, with feebly and equally serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body; male without enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish or greenish above, frequently with a darker network enclosing small round whitish spots; lower surfaces whitish or greenish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] rubribarbaris
A. [N.] rubribarbus
A. ruibali	Cabo Cruz Pallid Anole	Cuba		Described in 2004.
A. ruizi
A. rupinae
A. sabanus	Panther Anole	Saba (Lesser Antilles)	7"	Attractive and interesting anole that is found both on the rocky parts of this volcanic island and on the trees in the interior. Overall colour is silver with black "leopard" markings [Heselhaus & Schmidt]. See the latter for details of husbandry.
A. [N.] sagrei**	(Cuban) Brown Anole	Mexico (Yucatan), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, Isla de la Juventud, Cayman Islands, Isla de la Bahia; Florida, Georgia, Hawaii (introduced)	8½" (TL 16 cm, SVL 6 cm)	Widely spread throughout the Carribean, with several subspecies. Although the EMBL entry now considers this a Norops species, this is unlikely to catch on at the popular level at least. Brown Anoles are more terrestrial than Green Anoles, one reason why similar-sized specimens of the two species may be kept together in community vivaria. Indeed, Heselhaus & Schmidt suggest that the Brown Anole can be kept with most similar-sized "green" species. It should be noted however that males are extremely aggressive towards each other. The red dewlap of the male is edged in a paler colour and is spotted. Males are generally larger than females, have proportionately larger heads and a nuchal crest [de Vosjoli]. See below for details of the differentiation between the various subspecies. The Florida population is an interesting case: originally it was colonised by the two subspecies A. s. sagrei and A. s. ordinatus, but these have become so intergraded with each other that distinction between the two in this part of the world is no longer possible. Joachim Suntrup has an interesting page on captive care and breeding of Brown Anoles. Description: head once and two fifths to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than the tibia; forehead very slightly concave; upper head-scales sharply keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles a little enlarged, separated by one series of scales; 5-11 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, in contact with the supraorbitals or separated by one row of granules; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales; canthus rostralis distinct, canthal scales 2-3; loreal rows 4-5; 5-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, oval. Gular appendage moderately large, indicated in the female; gular scales feebly keeled. Body compressed; dorso-nuchal fold absent or feebly developed. Dorsal scales small, feebly keeled, smallest on the flanks, a little enlarged on the vertebral line; ventral scales larger, rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, strongly keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digits moderately dilated; 18-21 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: compressed, strongly in the male, with slightly serrated upper edge; its length not twice that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brown above, with golden gloss, uniform or spotted with darker; sometimes three paler longitudinal bands run along the vertebral line and from axilla to groin; frequently a series of large oval or rhomboidal darker spots on each side of the hack; lower surfaces whitish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] s. greyi*	Anole	Central Cuba		Crimson dewlap with white spotting: similar red marking around the eyes.
A. [N.] s. luteosignifer*	Anole	Cayman Brac
A. [N.] s. mayensis*	Anole	?
A. [N.] s. nelsoni*	Anole	Swan Island (off Yucatan, Mexico)
A. [N.] s. ordinatus*	Bahaman Brown Anole	Bahamas		Dewlap is yellow-orange with a few largeish red markings.
A. [N.] s. sagrei*	Cuban (Brown) Anole	Cuba, Yucatan coast (Mexico), Belize: Florida, Hawaii (introduced).		Nominate subspecies, and probably the main invader of US territories.
A. [N.] s. scripti*	Anole	?		Recorded by Heselhaus & Schmidt: otherwise I have been unable to find any further information. Similar in appearance to A. s. greyi but lacks the eye markings.
A. [N.] salvini		Panama, Costa Rica	TL approx 12.5 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: head much longer than the tibia, its width contained once and two thirds in its length; forehead slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales smooth; supraorbital semicircles separated by one series of scales; about 10 enlarged, smooth supraocular scales, irregularly arranged; occipital not enlarged; canthus rostralis obtuse, canthal scales 4; 4 loreal rows; 7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval, oblique. Gular appendage small; gular scales keeled. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuohal fold. Dorsal scales small, subrhomboidal, juxtaposed, feebly keeled, a little larger than the granular and smooth lateral ones; ventrals a little larger, rhomboidal, imbricate, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the shoulder; digital expansions well developed; 16 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: a little longer than head and body, feebly compressed, with a vertebral series of larger scales forming a very slightly serrated edge. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pinkish grey above, with a few darker spots ; a large dark brown spot on each side of the snout, connected by a line from nostril to nostril; dark streaks radiating from the eye; an oblique dark band from the eye to the back of the head; a V-shaped dark band between the fore limbs and another on the base of the tail; limbs and tail with rather indistinct dark cross bands; lower surfaces whitish. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. santamartae
A. [N.] scapularis
A. [N.] schiedei		Central America, Venezuela	SVL approx 5 cm	Description: head once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, slightly longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges obsolete; upper head-scales keeled; supraorbital semicircles separated from each other by two or three, and from the occipital by 3-5 series of scales; 10-14 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales; occipital small, smaller than the ear-opening; canthus rostralis short, canthal scales 2; 7-9 loreal rows; 7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large, present also, but less developed, in the female; gular scales obtusely keeled. Body short, not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales very small, rhomboidal, keeled, hardly larger than the laterals, which are granular and rugulose; ventrals small, larger than dorsals, rounded, imbricate, smooth. The adpressed hind limb reaches nearly the end of the snout ; digital dilatations not much developed; 16-18 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: subcylindrical, nearly twice as long as head and body, covered with equal keeled scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: coppery above, uniform; sometimes with darker spots, or a light vertebral line in the female; lower surfaces whitish with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] schmidti
A. scriptus
A. semilineatus		Hispaniola	TL approx 14 cm, SVL approx 4 cm	Description: head moderately large, a little more than twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no distinct frontal ridges: upper head-scales feebly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles feebly enlarged, separated by two series of scales; five enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of smaller scales; occipital as large as or a little larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 2-3 series of scales ; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; 5-6 loreal rows; 5-6 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, roundish-subtriangular. Gular appendage moderately large, absent in the female; gular scales feebly keeled. Body compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales as large as ventrals, hexagonal, subimbrioate, keeled, forming 12 longitudinal series; lateral scales minute, granular; ventral scales rhomboidal, strongly imbricate, keeled. Limbs rather long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit; digits feebly dilated; eighteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: feebly compressed, more than twice as long as head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale brown above; a white band on the upper lip, extending on each side of the neck and body, where it vanishes gradually; female with a pale, dark-edged vertebral band; lower surfaces white. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] sericeus	Blue-Spot-/Silky Anole	Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras	SVL 4 cm	Yellow dewlap with bright blue spot. See Reptile Database entry for discussion of subspecies. Description: head narrow and elongate, twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges obsolete; upper head-scales smooth or feebly keeled; supraorbital semicircles separated by one series of scales; enlarged supraoculars in 2 longitudinal series, the inner composed of 3 large scales separated from the supraorbitals by one series of granules; occipital large, much larger than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; 4 loreal rows; 6 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening moderate, oval, oblique. Gular appendage small; gular scales keeled. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales rather large, hexagonal, subimbricate, keeled, forming about 14 longitudinal series, and graduating into the small subgranular scales of the sides; ventrals larger than dorsals, rhomhoidal, imbricate, strongly keeled. Limbs slender ; the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digital expansions narrow; fourteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: roundish. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: pale bronzy above, with indistinct darker spots; a purple spot on each side of the gular appendage. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] s. sericeus
A. [N.] s. sallaei		Central America		TL 14 cm, SVL 5 cm. Description: Head about once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges short and divergent; upper head-scales more or less distinctly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially or separated by one series of scales; enlarged supraocular scales variable in number and in size, usually keeled and arranged in 2-3 longitudinal series, sometimes strongly dilated transversely, and in a single series, as in A. nebulosus; occipital as large as the eye-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-3 series of scales canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 3; 4-6 loreal rows; 6-7 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval or subtriangular. Gular appendage large, extending posteriorly beyond the thorax, slightly indicated in the female; gular scales keeled. Body slightly compressed in the male; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales rather large, rhomboidal or hexagonal, subimbricate and sharply keeled, passing gradually into the very small granules of the sides; ventrals larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, sharply keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the ear or a little beyond; digits moderately dilated; 15-16 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: cylindrical, once and three fourths to twice and one fourth the length of head and body, covered with large, equal, strongly keeled scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: greyish or brownish above, with golden reflections; females frequently with a broad light vertebral band; hind limbs usually with a few large yellowish spots; lower surfaces yellowish white; gular appendage with a large round purplish black (dark blue) spot.
A. [N.] s. ustus				Description: Head much longer than the tibia, twice as long as broad in the female, a little shorter in the male; forehead very slightly concave, frontal ridges short and divergent; upper head-scales more or less distinctly tricarinate; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact or separated by one series of scales ; 4-5 large, feebly keeled supraocular scales; occipital large, larger than the eye-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by one series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales 4-5; 4-5 loreal rows; 6-8 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening small, oval, oblique. Gular appendage small in both sexes; gular scales keeled. Body not compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales subhexagonal, juxtaposed, keeled, passing gradually into the much smaller, granular scales of the flanks; ventrals larger than dorsals, rhomboidal, imbricate, strongly keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the neck or the ear; digits rather feebly dilated; 14-15 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the fourth toe. Tail: cylindrical, nearly twice as long as head and body. Coloration: yellowish brown or greyish above, with rather indistinct darker variegations; a dark cross band between the eyes; a round yellow spot on the tibia; lower surfaces white or yellowish; throat brown-dotted; a small purple spot on each side of the gular appendage. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] serranoi
A. sheplani
A. shrevei
A. [N.] simmonsi
A. singularis
A. smallwoodi
A. smaragdinus
A. [N.] sminthus
A. solitarius
A. spectrum		Cuba	TL 15 cm, SVL 4 cm	Description: head nearly three times as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead concave; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, separated by one series of scales; 3-4 enlarged, keeled supraocular scales, in contact with the supraorbitals; occipital nearly as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 1-2 series of scales; canthus rostralis feebly marked; 4 loreal rows; 8 upper labials; ear-opening moderately large, roundish. Gular appendage small; gular scales keeled. Body compressed; no dorso-nuehal fold. 6 or 8 longitudinal series of large, hexagonal, keeled dorsal scales, which are broader than long, and at least twice as large, as the ventrals; lateral scales very small, granular; ventral scales keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches between the ear and the eye. Tail: round or slightly compressed, covered with large strongly keeled scales, the keels forming continuous lines; its length more than twice that of head and body. Coloration: yellowish-grey or metallic green above, the sides of the body brown; a sharply defined white spot at the elbow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. squamulatus	Small-Scaled Anole	Venezuela, Panama	TL approx 40 cm, SVL approx 12 cm	See Reptile Database entry for discussion of presence or absence in Panama. Description: head nearly twice as long as broad; forehead and interorbital space concave; no frontal ridges; a large rhomboidal occipital concavity; upper head-scales very small, keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles scarcely enlarged, separated by 5-6 series of scales; slightly enlarged, strongly keeled supraocular scales; occipital very small, much smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by six series of scales; canthus rostralis sharp; 9 loreal rows in the middle; 11-12 upper labials; ear-opening rather large, oval. Gular appendage long, but not very prominent. Dorsal scales very small, keeled; lateral scales minutely granular; ventrals much larger than dorsals, round, smooth (or keeled ?). No dorso-nuchal fold. The adpressed hind limb reaches a little beyond the eye; digital expansions well developed. Tail: round, covered with small keeled scales. Coloration: head, and broad more or less confluent bands on the body, limbs, and tail dark brown; the interspaces between these bands, as well as the lower surfaces, brownish-grey. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. strahmi
A. stratulus
A. [N.] subocularis
A. [N.] sulcifrons
A. [N.] taylori
A. terueli
A. tetarii				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. tigrinus				Description: head twice as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead slightly concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales rather large, smooth, only five longitudinal series between the canthals; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially 5-10 enlarged, smooth supraocular scales, in contact with the supraorbitals; occipital much larger than the ear-opening, in contact with the supraorbitals; canthus rostralis short; 2 loreal rows; 8-9 upper labials; ear-opening very small, subtriangular. Scales small and smooth, the ventrals largest, rounded, the dorsals a little larger than the laterals, with 2 median rows slightly prominent. The adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla; digital expansions well developed. Tail: round, with equal smooth or feebly keeled scales. Coloration: brownish above, the body with indistinct dark brown cross bands and yellowish round spots; outer side of limbs with regular small light round spots and a dark network; lower surfaces brownish yellow. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. toldo
A. [N.] tolimensis
A. [N.] townsendi
A. [N.] trachyderma	Rough-Skinned Anole	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil	SVL 5.5 cm	Description: head oval, as long as the tibia; forehead concave, frontal ridges obsolete; upper head-scales keeled; ten keeled, enlarged supraocular scales; occipital small, nearly equal to ear, separated from the supraorbitals by 2 rows of scales; 6 loreal rows in the middle; 9 upper labials. Gular appendage large. 3-4 median dorsal series, nearly as large as the ventrals, flat, keeled, and quickly graduating into the granular angulate scales of the sides; ventral scales small, obtusely keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the middle of the orbit. Tail: round, covered with flat, keeled scales. Coloration: black above and below, excepting thorax, abdomen, and inferior middle line of tail, which are fulvous ; an indistinct light band across the chin, half way between eye and nostril. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. transversalis	Blue-Eyed Anole	S America (S Venezuela, Columbia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru)	10"	A bromeliad dweller [Fläschendräger]. This is a striking anole in appearance, with blue eyes and sexually dichromatic patterning. Males are green to yellowish green with a heavy dark brown to black spotting over the back, while females are paler but with several broad brown bands across the back that slope diagonally backwards on the sides. Likewise the male dewlap is very large and orange to lemon yellow in colour with paler lines, while the female dewlap is smaller and either dark brown with paler brown spots or white with large black spots [Walls]. Walls suggests that this would probably be a difficult species to keep in captivity. Click here for a picture. Description: head once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than the tibia; upper head-scales smooth; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, in contact medially; a few enlarged, smooth supraoculars; occipital slightly larger than the ear-opening, in contact with the supraorbitals; ear-opening moderate. Gular appendage small. Dorsal and lateral scales equal, minute, granular; ventrals larger, imbricate, smooth. Limbs moderate, digital expansions well developed. Tail slightly depressed at the base, once and a half as long as head and body. Coloration: green above, with broad transverse brown bands, the anterior, or scapular, sending a perpendicular branch along the nape; head vermiculated with brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. trinitatis
A. [N.] tropidogaster
A. [N.] tropidolepis		Costa Rica [Boulenger]	TL approx 16.5 cm, SVL approx 5.5 cm	Description: head once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, slightly longer than the tibia; forehead concave, no frontal ridges; upper head-scales very small, strongly uni- or tricarinate; scales of the supraorbital semicircles scarcely enlarged, separated by 3-5 series of scales; six to twelve enlarged, strongly keeled supraocular scales; occipital small, smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by 3-5 series of scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales 4; 7-9 loreal rows; 7-8 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening rather large, vertically oval. Gular appendage very small, absent in the female; gular scales keeled. Body feebly compressed in the male; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal and lateral scales very small, granular, keeled, those on the vertebral region slightly larger, strongly keeled; ventrals small, larger than dorsals, rounded, imbricate, keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches nearly the end of the snout; digital dilatations feebly developed; 13-14 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: cylindrical, slightly compressed in the male, covered with subequal keeled scales. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: brownish or greenish above, with metallic gloss, with or without small darker spots; an angular dark cross band between the eyes, and frequently a V-shaped dark band from the orbits to the nape; males with a very broad dark band from the eye to the side of the body; female frequently with a light, dark-edged vertebral band; lower surfaces yellowish or greenish, with metallic gloss. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] tropidonotus	Greater Scaly Anole	Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua	TL 13.5 cm, SVL approx 5 cm	May still be referred to as Norops tropidonotus. Click here for a picture. This may be a variable species in colour, since de Vosjoli's photograph shows two rather grey lizards with subtle banding. Description: head about once and two thirds as long as broad, not, or scarcely, longer than the tibia; forehead concave; frontal ridges feebly marked, short and divergent; all the upper head-scales strongly keeled; scales of the supraorbital semicircles scarcely enlarged, separated by two series of scales; a few enlarged supraoculars; occipital scarcely enlarged; canthus rostralis angular; 6-7 loreal rows; 6-7 labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage large; gular scales keeled. Body short, compressed ; no dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales very large, larger than ventrals, rhomboidal, imbricate, sharply keeled, forming about twelve longitudinal series; lateral scales small, imbricate, keeled; ventrals rhomboidal, pointed, sharply keeled. The adpressed hind limb reaches the end of the snout ; digits very slightly dilated; fourteen or fifteen lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: slightly compressed, not twice as long as head and body. No enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: bronzy or golden above, uniform, or with ill-defined dark brown spots; a rather indistinct dark cross band between the eyes; lower surfaces pale golden. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] uniformis	Lesser Scaly Anole	Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras	SVL approx 3.5 cm	Description: very near A. tropidonotus. All the scales of the frontal region equal, so that the supraorbitals cannot be distinguished by size. Dorsal scales in 10-12 rows, imbricate, not truncate. Tibia a little shorter than the short head. Coloration: reddish brown above and greenish below; limbs and head above brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. [N.] utilensis
A. [N.] utowanae
A. [N.] valencienni		Jamaica	TL 19 cm, SVL approx 10.5 cm	Formerly considered part of the genus Xiphocercus. Description: Head large, nearly twice as long as broad, nearly twice as long as the tibia; forehead plane, covered with very large symmetrical smooth shields ; shields of the supraorbital semicircles in contact between the orbits or separated by one row of scales; occipital much longer than broad, much larger than the ear-opening, in contact with the supraorbital shields or separated by one series of scales; 5-8 large smooth supraocular scales, separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules; canthus rostralis sharp, canthal scales 4-5; nostril just above the canthus rostralis; 8-9 upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear opening very small. Gular appendage very large in the male, extending beyond the thorax, smaller, but nevertheless well developed, in the female ; the greater portion of this appendage perfectly naked; gular scales smooth. Body strongly compressed, not crested, covered with flat smooth roundish granules, largest on the flanks, where they are separated by minute grains, subimbricate on the belly. Limbs rather short, the adpressed hind limb reaches the axilla or the shoulder; 23-26 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail strongly compressed, with a low crest or denticulation above; its length does not much exceed that of head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: cream-coloured or pale brown above, with more or less distinct brown markings; lower surfaces white, the belly sometimes vermiculated with brown ; the skin of the gular appendage grey (in spirits). [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. vanidicus
A. vanzolinii				Formerly considered a Phenacosaurus species.
A. vaupesianus
A. ventrimaculatus
A. vermiculatus			TL approx 35.5 cm, SVL approx 11.5 cm	Description: head rather large, twice as long as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead not concave, occiput concave in the male ; upper head scales small, rugose; scales of the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, separated by one or two series of scales; median supraocular scales very feebly enlarged; occipital smaller than the ear-opening, separated from the supraorbitals by four series of scales; canthus rostralis prominent, canthal scales 5-6; seven or eight labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening large, vertically oval. Gular appendage scarcely indicated; a strong, angular, transverse gular fold; gular scales keeled. Body compressed; a slight nuchal fold. Dorsal scales small, oval, granular, keeled, smaller on the flanks, a little enlarged on the vertebral region; ventral scales small, larger than dorsals, feebly imbricate, strongly keeled. Limbs long; the adpressed hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit; digits rather feebly dilated; 28-30 lamellae under phalanges II. and III. of the 4^th toe. Tail: strongly compressed, with feebly serrated upper edge, at least twice as long as head and body. Male with enlarged postanal scales. Coloration: olive above, the back and neck handsomely reticulated with black; lower surfaces pale olive-brown. [SOURCE: Boulenger]
A. vescus
A. [N.] vicarius
A. [N.] villai
A. [N.] vittigerus
A. [N.] vociferans
A. [N.] wampuensis
A. wattsi
A. websteri
A. [N.] wermuthi
A. whitemani
A. williamsii
A. [N.] woodi
A. [N.] yoroensis
A. [N.] zeus

Bibliography

Lizards of the World, Mattison

Keeping and Breeding Lizards, Mattison

The General Care and Maintenance of Green Anoles, Philippe de Vosjoli, Herpetocultural Library 1992. Probably the best introduction to keeping not just Green Anoles but also many other anole species. De Vosjoli also includes community setups and a selection of non-anole species that could be compatible with these lizards. Recommended.

Caribbean Anoles, Heselhaus and Schmidt, TFH. Another excellent book, by two German authors who have personally visited some of the islands where the lizards are distributed. This gives the basic description and captive requirements of most of the Anolis species and is somewhat more comprehensive than some TFH books. Recommended.

"The Gecko-Like Habits of Anolis lucius, a Cuban Anole", E Ross Allen and Wilfred T Neill, Herpetologica Vol 13, 1957.

"A third leaf-nosed species of the lizard genus Anolis from South America", James A Peters and Gustavo Orcés-V., Breviora, Museum of Comparative Zoology No 62, Cambridge Massachusetts, October 3 1956. Gives details of single (type) specimen of A. proboscis.

The author has not read the following German-language books, but they are probably worth checking out:

Der Bahama-Anolis, Anolis sagrei, Iris Zeilfelder and Uwe Bartelt, Art für Art, Natur und Tier Verlag.

Der Rotkehlanolis, Anolis carolinensis, Jens Rauh, Art für Art, Natur und Tier Verlag.

Anolis im Biotop und Terrarium, Axel Flaschendräger and Leo Wijffels, Natur und Tier Verlag.

Karibische Anolis, Ralf Heselhaus andn Matthias Schmidt, Natur und Tier Verlag. (This probably covers much the same ground as TFH's Caribbean Anoles but seems to have more pages and is still available, whereas TFH no longer appear to publish their English-language title.)

See also Index of Iguanid Related Articles for articles on Anolis species by Jerry G Walls and Axel Flaschendräger, both of which were invaluable.

Links

Caribbean Anole Database - excellent site by Lluis Perez i Gorgoy in Spanish and English giving information on these lizards. Very good explanation of the different habitats, the islands and the different "types" - "twig-dwarves" and other loose groupings. Recommended.

Anole Pictures - superb Anglo-German site containing well-organised pictures of many different Anolis and kin. Please respect the copyright on these shots! As used by the EMBL reptile database.